Climate, Coal, Gas-Electric and Gasoline-Electric

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

The Truth About Cars

FEBRUARY 23, 2024

Photo credit: Nick Starichenko / Shutterstock.com Contrary to common misconceptions , electric vehicles (EVs) generally have a smaller carbon footprint compared to traditional gasoline cars. This advantage remains true even when considering the electricity utilized for charging EVs.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Climate EPA

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2021

In addition to its regional and temporal scope, this study is distinct from earlier LCA literature in four key aspects: This study considers the lifetime average carbon intensity of the fuel and electricity mixes, including biofuels and biogas.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Batteries Battery

EPA GHG Inventory shows US GHG down 1.7% y-o-y in 2019, down 13% from 2005

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2021

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its 28 th annual Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHG Inventory), which presents a national-level overview of annual greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2019. CO 2 emissions decreased 2.2% from 2018 to 2019. Total GHG emissions in 2019 were up 1.8% Source: EPA.

2005

2005 2019 EPA Climate Change

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Battery electric cars emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants over their entire life cycle than petrol and diesel cars, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report. Emissions are usually higher in the production phase of electric cars, but these are more than offset by lower emissions in the use phase over time.

Climate

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017

3.8% drop in EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019; transport emissions rise

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2021

Total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union (EU) decreased by 3.8% The large decline in emissions, achieved before the COVID-19 crisis, was mainly due to reduced coal use for power generation. The large decline in emissions, achieved before the COVID-19 crisis, was mainly due to reduced coal use for power generation.

2019

2019 Emissions Transportation Gas

EIA: US energy-related CO2 fell by 2.8% in 2019, slightly below 2017 levels

Green Car Congress

MAY 11, 2020

In 2019, CO 2 emissions from petroleum fuels—nearly half of which are associated with motor gasoline consumption—fell by 0.8%, and CO 2 emissions from the use of natural gas increased by 3.3%. The United States now emits less CO 2 from coal than from motor gasoline.

2019

2019 CO2 Energy 2017

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

While natural gas can reduce greenhouse emissions when it is substituted for higher-emission energy sources, abundant shale gas is not likely to substantially alter total emissions without policies targeted at greenhouse gas reduction, according to a new study by two researchers at Duke University. —Newell and Raimi.

Climate

Climate Gas Coal Gas-Electric

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2016

Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Transportation Coal

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015)

Coal

Coal Pollution China Gas

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2019

Driven by rising natural gas and oil consumption, levels of CO 2 are expected to hit 37 billion metric tons this year, according to new estimates from the Global Carbon Project (GCP), an initiative led by Stanford University scientist Rob Jackson. In 2019, consumption of coal is expected to drop 11% in the U.S.—down

Carbon

Carbon Global Emissions Climate Change

EIA projects US energy-related CO2 emissions to remain near current level through 2050; increased natural gas consumption

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2019

In the United States, emissions associated with the consumption of petroleum fuels—motor gasoline, distillate, jet fuel, and more—have consistently made up the largest portion of CO 2 emissions. Natural gas surpassed coal to become the most prevalent fuel used to generate electricity in the United States in 2016.

Gas

Gas Emissions Energy Coal

Ninth annual Green Innovation Index finds California light-duty vehicle emissions spike; major challenge to 2030 climate goals

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

However, although the state has made considerable progress decoupling economic growth from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the rate of emissions decline appears to be slowing, due in part to a spike in transportation emissions attributed to an increase from light-duty vehicles. But the effects of these efforts seem to be reaching a plateau.

California

California Light Emissions Climate

EPA: US GHG emissions in 2017 down 0.3% from 2016

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2019

greenhouse gas emissions were 6,472.3 from 2016, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) latest Greenhouse Gas Inventory. The decrease in total greenhouse gas emissions between 2016 and 2017 was driven in part by a decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. In 2017, total gross U.S.

2017

2017 2016 Emissions EPA

ANL: life-cycle water consumption of fuel cell vehicles can be cut in half compared to that of conventional ICE vehicles

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

The life-cycle water consumption of fuel cell electric vehicles using hydrogen produced from natural gas with steam methane reforming is almost 50% less than the life-cycle water consumption of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles using gasoline, according to a study by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).

Water

Water Fuel Vehicles Gasoline-Electric

Argonne study finds shale gas GHG lifecycle emissions 6% lower than natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline and 33% lower than coal; upstream methane leakage a key contributor

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2011

Gasoline section shows results for fuel derived from both conventional oil and oil sands. However, the range in values for shale and conventional gas overlap, so there is a statistical uncertainty whether shale gas emissions are actually lower than those of conventional natural gas. Credit: ACS, Burnham et al.

Gas

Gas Coal Emissions Gasoline

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2018

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced that greenhouse gas emissions in California in 2016 fell below 1990 levels for the first time since emissions peaked in 2004—a reduction roughly equivalent to taking 12 million cars off the road or saving 6 billion gallons of gasoline a year.

2004

2004 2016 Emissions California

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2014

The collapse in world oil prices in the second half of 2014 will have only a moderate impact on the fast-developing low-carbon transition in the world electricity system, according to research firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Earlier Bloomberg New Energy Finance analysis showed that, with gasoline at $2.09 on 30 June to $61.60

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Oil Price Carbon

MIT, Ford researchers find lightweight conventional vehicles could have lower lifecycle GHG impact than EVs depending upon location

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2019

Researchers at MIT and the Ford Motor Company have found that depending on the location, lightweight conventional vehicles could have a lower lifecycle greenhouse gas impact than electric vehicles, at least in the near term. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. —Wu et al.

MIT

MIT Ford Vehicles Gasoline-Electric

U-M study: When, where, how electric delivery vehicles are charged has big impact on GHGs

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2021

In 2019, Amazon announced plans to obtain 100,000 electric delivery vehicles. UPS has ordered 10,000 of them and FedEx plans to be fully electric by 2040. Charging practices that shorten a battery’s lifetime will lead to early battery replacement, adding to the total greenhouse gas emissions associated with that vehicle.

Charging

Charging Vehicles Gas-Electric Emissions

Senators Kerry and Lieberman Release Details of Energy and Climate Bill; Incentives for Electric Drive and Natural Gas Vehicles

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2010

Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, released the details of their long-anticipated energy and climate change legislation on Wednesday, 12 May. According to the recently finalized Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008 , net US GHG emissions in 2008 were down 2.7% Natural Gas.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Climate Gas Energy

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

Specific circumstances, such as the very warm fourth quarter of 2015 and relatively low natural gas prices, put downward pressure on emissions as natural gas was substituted for coal in electricity generation. Gasoline accounted for 77% of the 38 MMmt increase in the transportation sector—30 MMmt, an increase of 2.8%

2015

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

Among the findings of the EIA analysis: CO 2 emissions form natural gas surpassed those from coal in 2016. Natural gas CO 2 emissions have increased every year since 2009. Transportation increase led by gasoline consumption. Motor gasoline accounted for 56.0% from the 2015 level. between 2015 and 2016.

2016

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

Coal-powered synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants being planned in China would produce seven times more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional natural gas plants, and use up to 100 times the water as shale gas production, according to a new study by Duke University researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

Gas

Gas Mercury Climate Change Fuel

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

World primary energy demand by fuel in the IEA high gas scenario. Separately, the International Energy Agency (IEA) released its own report exploring the potential for a “golden age” of gas. Both reports also emphasized that although natural gas is the lowest carbon fossil fuel, it is still a fossil fuel. Source: IEA.

MIT

MIT Gas Climate Gas-Electric

EPA: US GHG fell 0.5% y-o-y in 2017; power sector down by 4.2%, transportation up 1.21%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

Year-over-year, US greenhouse gas emissions were 0.5% lower in 2017 than the prior year (after accounting for sequestration from the land sector), and power sector emissions fell 4.2%, according to the 2019 edition of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) annual report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

2017

2017 EPA Transportation 2005

U.K. Government Pushes Gasoline Car Ban to 2035

The Truth About Cars

SEPTEMBER 21, 2023

UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced on Wednesday that he’s delaying bans the government had previously made for gasoline-powered vehicles. greenhouse gas emissions to net zero by 2050. government “climate advisers” spent June criticizing leadership for being “worryingly slow” on progressing climate goals.

Gasoline

Gasoline United Kingdom Cars Gas-Electric

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

Get Electric Vehicle

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

Electric vehicles have become an inevitable part of every walk of modern life. EVs: They Are Everywhere As we mentioned earlier EVs have a wide range of applications because EVs are much more flexible in case of design and configuration which gasoline vehicles cannot match. With Formula-E they are getting into the racing arena as well.

Petrol

Petrol Pollution Gasoline-Electric Diesel

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

The decrease was driven by the economic downturn, combined with a significant switch from coal to natural gas as a source of electricity generation, according to the EIA. The EIA projects that fuel switching in the electric power sector and declines in industrial use will lead to a 7.9% Natural Gas.

2009

2009 Emissions Gasoline Coal

China’s Oil & Gas Giant Sinopec Says Peak Oil Demand Already Happened In China

CleanTechnica EVs

OCTOBER 11, 2023

Half of the world's economy has already reached peak gasoline and diesel demand while electric vehicle deliveries in every segment are shooting through the roof.

Oil

Oil Gas Gasoline-Electric China

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

US greenhouse gas emissions by gas. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its 19 th annual report of overall US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, showing a 3.4% Annual US greenhouse gas emissions relative to 1990 (1990=0). Source: EPA. Click to enlarge. decrease in 2012 from 2011. The Inventory of U.S.

2005

2005 2012 EPA 2011

CMU county-level study shows plug-ins have larger or smaller lifecycle GHG than gasoline ICE depending on regional factors

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2016

A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.

Gasoline

Gasoline Plug-in Prius Plug

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2014

Results of a lifecycle analysis by a team at the University of Michigan suggest that multiple types of natural gas-powered vehicles—i.e., Results of a lifecycle analysis by a team at the University of Michigan suggest that multiple types of natural gas-powered vehicles—i.e., —Dai and Lastoskie.

Gas

Gas Li-ion Gas-Electric Conversion

Hyundai Offering Free Chargers to EV Buyers, Swelling Industry Incentives

The Truth About Cars

SEPTEMBER 22, 2023

Hyundai is offering customers willing to buy an all-electric vehicle a Level 2 home charger for no extra cost. That makes the $33,550 (before any federal tax credits or state incentives) Kona Electric the most affordable way to take advantage of the deal. From AN : Cooled demand suggests consumers are still hesitant to make the change.

Hyundai

Hyundai Industrial Industry United Kingdom

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2015

The same highly electrified scenarios, however, could not satisfy 80% GHG-reduction targets, even assuming 80% decarbonized electricity and no growth in travel demand. Within the transportation sector, the two basic options for reducing petroleum use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are fuel-use reduction and fuel substitution.

Carbon

Carbon EPRI Climate Gasoline-Electric

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Methanol-powered vehicles are one pillar of Geely Auto’s diversified new-energy strategy, which also encompasses ethanol, CNG, gasoline-electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid, pure-electric, and extended-range solutions. Click to enlarge. Currently the company has a 4,000 metric ton/year production capacity.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

US EIA Reports Record-setting 7% Overall Decline in US Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2009; Transport Emissions Down 4.1%, Lowest Percentage Reduction of the End-UseSectors

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

Carbon intensity changes in the electric power and industrial end use sectors. In 2009, the carbon intensity of the electric power sector decreased by nearly 4.3%, primarily due to fuel switching as the price of coal rose 6.8% from 2008 to 2009 while the comparable price of natural gas fell 48% on a per Btu basis.

2009

2009 Emissions Carbon Transportation

Study Finds Availability of Low-CO2 Electricity and Hydrogen May Paradoxically Delay Large-Scale Transition to Electric and/or Hydrogen Vehicle Fleet

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2010

Left, global light-duty fleet in the electric-favoring case; right, the hydrogen-favoring case. In both electric- and hydrogen-favoring cases, availability of low-carbon electricity and hydrogen prolonged the use of petroleum-fueled ICE vehicles. Top, without CCS and CSP; bottom, with CCS and CSP. Credit: ACS, Wallington et al.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Low CO2 Available Fleet

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

The IEA said that this reflects the continued domination of fossil fuels—particularly coal—in the energy mix and the slow uptake of other, lower-carbon supply technologies. In 2012, sales of hybrid-electric vehicles passed the one million mark. Coal technologies continue to dominate growth in power generation.

Carbon

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation

ExxonMobil projects 25% energy demand increase between 2014-2040, 50% decline in carbon intensity; hybrids to be 40% of new car sales

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2016

At the same time, energy efficiency gains and increased use of renewable energy sources and lower carbon fuels, such as natural gas, are expected to help reduce by half the carbon intensity of the global economy. The company forecasts modest gains for plug-in electric cars, with cost and functionality remaining barriers.

2014

2014 Carbon Energy Fuel Economy

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. the contiguous US).

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution

Hot Tub Time Machine WayBack Wednesday – Reposted Word-for-Word from June 25 of 2008

Creative Greenius

SEPTEMBER 23, 2015

Otherwise it will become impractical to constrain atmospheric carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas produced in burning fossil fuels, to a level that prevents the climate system from passing tipping points that lead to disastrous climate changes that spiral dynamically out of humanity’s contro l.”. That’s 18 months away.

2008

2008 Climate Change Climate Oil-Sands

CMU Paper: Market-Based Mechanisms for CO2 Reduction Will Be Insufficient to Attain Mid-Century Goals

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2009

A new paper from the Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center concludes that while a market-based mechanism (e.g. In the paper “ Cap and Trade is Not Enough: Improving US Climate Policy ”, the authors argue that the US Congress should simultaneously design, integrate and implement these targeted strategies: For automobiles.

Market

Market CO2 Coal 2009

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 7, 2023

The electric vehicle industry is growing at a high pace these days. Are you planning a job in electric vehicle industry? Then this Electric Vehicle Interview Questions and Answers will definitely help you out. There are different types of firms working in the electric vehicle domain.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Electric Electrical

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

The authors highlight three possible strategies for CO 2 conversion by physico-chemical approaches: sustainable (or renewable) synthetic methanol; syngas production derived from flue gases from coal-, gas- or oil-fired electric power stations; and photochemical production of synthetic fuels. 1923 3343-3364 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0119.

Conversion

Conversion Transportation Fuel CO2

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

EPA GHG Inventory shows US GHG down 1.7% y-o-y in 2019, down 13% from 2005

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

3.8% drop in EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019; transport emissions rise

EIA: US energy-related CO2 fell by 2.8% in 2019, slightly below 2017 levels

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

EIA projects US energy-related CO2 emissions to remain near current level through 2050; increased natural gas consumption

Ninth annual Green Innovation Index finds California light-duty vehicle emissions spike; major challenge to 2030 climate goals

EPA: US GHG emissions in 2017 down 0.3% from 2016

ANL: life-cycle water consumption of fuel cell vehicles can be cut in half compared to that of conventional ICE vehicles

Argonne study finds shale gas GHG lifecycle emissions 6% lower than natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline and 33% lower than coal; upstream methane leakage a key contributor

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

MIT, Ford researchers find lightweight conventional vehicles could have lower lifecycle GHG impact than EVs depending upon location

U-M study: When, where, how electric delivery vehicles are charged has big impact on GHGs

Senators Kerry and Lieberman Release Details of Energy and Climate Bill; Incentives for Electric Drive and Natural Gas Vehicles

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

EPA: US GHG fell 0.5% y-o-y in 2017; power sector down by 4.2%, transportation up 1.21%

U.K. Government Pushes Gasoline Car Ban to 2035

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

China’s Oil & Gas Giant Sinopec Says Peak Oil Demand Already Happened In China

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

CMU county-level study shows plug-ins have larger or smaller lifecycle GHG than gasoline ICE depending on regional factors

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Hyundai Offering Free Chargers to EV Buyers, Swelling Industry Incentives

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

US EIA Reports Record-setting 7% Overall Decline in US Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2009; Transport Emissions Down 4.1%, Lowest Percentage Reduction of the End-UseSectors

Study Finds Availability of Low-CO2 Electricity and Hydrogen May Paradoxically Delay Large-Scale Transition to Electric and/or Hydrogen Vehicle Fleet

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

ExxonMobil projects 25% energy demand increase between 2014-2040, 50% decline in carbon intensity; hybrids to be 40% of new car sales

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Hot Tub Time Machine WayBack Wednesday – Reposted Word-for-Word from June 25 of 2008

CMU Paper: Market-Based Mechanisms for CO2 Reduction Will Be Insufficient to Attain Mid-Century Goals

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

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