Carbon, Climate Change, Coal and Gasoline

Report finds says “negative emissions technologies” need to play a large role in mitigating climate change

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2018

To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, “negative emissions technologies” (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change, according to a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Emissions Carbon

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2019

Driven by rising natural gas and oil consumption, levels of CO 2 are expected to hit 37 billion metric tons this year, according to new estimates from the Global Carbon Project (GCP), an initiative led by Stanford University scientist Rob Jackson. and China account for more than half of all carbon dioxide emissions globally.

Carbon

Carbon Global Emissions Climate Change

EPA GHG Inventory shows US GHG down 1.7% y-o-y in 2019, down 13% from 2005

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2021

Key findings from the 1990-2019 US Inventory include: In 2019, US greenhouse gas emissions totaled 6,558 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents, or 5,769 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents after accounting for sequestration from the land sector. CO 2 emissions decreased 2.2% from 2018 to 2019.

2005

2005 2019 EPA Climate Change

3.8% drop in EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019; transport emissions rise

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2021

The large decline in emissions, achieved before the COVID-19 crisis, was mainly due to reduced coal use for power generation. The official data, submitted on behalf of the EU to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), show that EU Member States managed to reduce collectively their emissions by 3.8%

2019

2019 Emissions Transportation Gas

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2018

fuel taxes increased between 2012 and 2015 in some large countries, and first steps towards removing lower tax rates on diesel compared to gasoline are taken, but apart from that there are no signs that the polluter pays principle determines the energy tax landscape more strongly in 2015 than in 2012. —“Taxing Energy Use 2018”.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Tax Energy

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study examined the fuel-cycle CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids.

Coal

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline China

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

These contributing factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.7% Combining these two factors, the overall carbon intensity of the economy (CO 2 /GDP) declined by 3.1%. Transportation increase led by gasoline consumption. Motor gasoline accounted for 56.0%

2016

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation

Altex & Unitel partner to demonstrate a new technology for making synthetic gasoline from biomass

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2016

Altex Technologies has selected Unitel to provide engineering services to design and build a pilot system that will produce 1 BPD of synthetic gasoline from biomass (Biomass Conversion to Synthetic Gasoline System, BCSGS). Some of the feedstocks that Altex plans to use include alfalfa, corn stover, switchgrass, and processed woodchips.

Gasoline

Gasoline Coal Convert Conversion

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

million in Carbon Recycling International (CRI). Geely’s CRI investment and work with renewable methanol is similar to the approach Audi is taking with its own e-fuels projects—producing very low carbon liquid or gaseous fuels using only renewable energy, water and CO 2. —Li Shufu, Chairman of Geely Group. Earlier post.).

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

EIA projects US energy-related CO2 emissions to remain near current level through 2050; increased natural gas consumption

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2019

Carbon dioxide emissions from S energy consumption will remain near current levels through 2050, according to projections in EIA’s Annual Energy Outlook 2019. USenergy-related carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuel energy consumption. US energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in AEO2019 Reference Case.

Gas

Gas Emissions Energy Coal

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

In a fairly bleak assessment of global progress towards low-carbon energy, the International Energy Agency (IEA) concluded that, despite a few bright spots such as the rapid expansion of renewable technologies and the growth of hybrid and EV sales, the progress is far below that required to achieve a 2 °C pathway—i.e., Source: IEA.

Carbon

Carbon Supplies Global Transportation

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

The decrease was driven by the economic downturn, combined with a significant switch from coal to natural gas as a source of electricity generation, according to the EIA. Although little change in CO 2 emissions from motor gasoline is expected in 2009, CO 2 emissions from other transportation petroleum fuels, particularly jet fuel (a 9.8%

2009

2009 Emissions Gasoline Coal

US EIA Reports Record-setting 7% Overall Decline in US Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2009; Transport Emissions Down 4.1%, Lowest Percentage Reduction of the End-UseSectors

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

In 2009, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the United States saw their largest absolute and percentage annual decline (405 million metric tons or 7.0%) since the start of US Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) comprehensive record of annual energy data that begins in 1949. Source: EIA. Click to enlarge. between 2008 and 2009.

2009

2009 Emissions Carbon Transportation

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

Coal-powered synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants being planned in China would produce seven times more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional natural gas plants, and use up to 100 times the water as shale gas production, according to a new study by Duke University researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

Gas

Gas Mercury Climate Change Fuel

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

The EEA report ‘ Electric vehicles from life cycle and circular economy perspectives ’ reviews current evidence on electric cars’ impacts on climate change, air quality, noise and ecosystems, compared with conventional cars. —“Electric vehicles from life cycle and circular economy perspectives”.

Climate

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2018

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced that greenhouse gas emissions in California in 2016 fell below 1990 levels for the first time since emissions peaked in 2004—a reduction roughly equivalent to taking 12 million cars off the road or saving 6 billion gallons of gasoline a year.

2004

2004 2016 Emissions California

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. the contiguous US).

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

These factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.8%; and a 3.4% Specific circumstances, such as the very warm fourth quarter of 2015 and relatively low natural gas prices, put downward pressure on emissions as natural gas was substituted for coal in electricity generation.

2015

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy

EPA: US GHG fell 0.5% y-o-y in 2017; power sector down by 4.2%, transportation up 1.21%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

This decrease was largely driven by a decrease in emissions from fossil fuel combustion, which was a result of multiple factors including a continued shift from coal to natural gas and increased use of renewables in the electric power sector, and milder weather that contributed to less overall electricity use.

2017

2017 EPA Transportation 2005

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

If natural gas is abundant and less expensive, it will encourage greater natural gas consumption and less consumption of fuels such as coal, renewables and nuclear power. Most evidence indicates that natural gas as a substitute for coal in electricity production, gasoline in transport, and electricity in buildings decreases greenhouse gases.

Climate

Climate Gas Coal Gas-Electric

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks , which is submitted annually to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, presents a national-level overview of annual greenhouse gas emissions since 1990. Carbon dioxide emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks totaled 1,061.0 Tg CO 2 Eq.

2005

2005 2012 EPA 2011

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2015

An 80% reduction in US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 has been generally established as the de facto required domestic contribution to stabilizing global concentrations at low to medium levels, that is, 450 and 550 ppm carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 -equiv).

Carbon

Carbon EPRI Climate Gasoline-Electric

U-M study: When, where, how electric delivery vehicles are charged has big impact on GHGs

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2021

They also found that even in the most carbon-intensive regions of the United States, electric delivery vehicles resulted in fewer greenhouse gas emissions than their gasoline or diesel counterparts. Companies should prioritize fleet electrification in regions that provide the greatest carbon-reduction benefits.

Charging

Charging Vehicles Gas-Electric Emissions

China’s Oil & Gas Giant Sinopec Says Peak Oil Demand Already Happened In China

CleanTechnica EVs

OCTOBER 11, 2023

Half of the world's economy has already reached peak gasoline and diesel demand while electric vehicle deliveries in every segment are shooting through the roof.

Oil

Oil Gas Gasoline-Electric China

Study Finds Availability of Low-CO2 Electricity and Hydrogen May Paradoxically Delay Large-Scale Transition to Electric and/or Hydrogen Vehicle Fleet

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2010

In both electric- and hydrogen-favoring cases, availability of low-carbon electricity and hydrogen prolonged the use of petroleum-fueled ICE vehicles. For example, the study found that the availability of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology has a major impact on the lowest cost passenger vehicle fuel and technology choice.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Low CO2 Available Fleet

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

Peter Edwards, provide an overview of progress in the area of the conversion of carbon dioxide to synthetic transportation fuels (Carbon Capture and Conversion, CCC), its potential, and barriers to future progress. Edwards (2010) Turning carbon dioxide into fuel. Jiang et al. Jiang et al. Resources. Kuznetsov and P.

Conversion

Conversion Transportation Fuel CO2

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

Get Electric Vehicle

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

EVs: They Are Everywhere As we mentioned earlier EVs have a wide range of applications because EVs are much more flexible in case of design and configuration which gasoline vehicles cannot match. Instead, we have to supply hydrogen just like we fill gasoline but the car will be powered by electric motors just like a normal electric car.

Petrol

Petrol Pollution Gasoline-Electric Diesel

Hot Tub Time Machine WayBack Wednesday – Reposted Word-for-Word from June 25 of 2008

Creative Greenius

SEPTEMBER 23, 2015

Otherwise it will become impractical to constrain atmospheric carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas produced in burning fossil fuels, to a level that prevents the climate system from passing tipping points that lead to disastrous climate changes that spiral dynamically out of humanity’s contro l.”.

2008

2008 Climate Change Climate Las Vegas

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2014

Qiang Dai and Christian Lastoskie found that BEVs and FCVs in particular offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, especially if carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies are implemented at the fuel conversion facilities. —Dai and Lastoskie. The system boundary for the LCA. particulate matter formation (PMF).

Gas

Gas Li-ion Gas-Electric Conversion

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

The new report, part of the World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2011 series, examines the key factors that could result in a more prominent role for natural gas in the global energy mix, and the implications for other fuels, energy security and climate change. Source: IEA. Click to enlarge. MIT: The Future of Natural Gas. Earlier post.)

MIT

MIT Gas Climate Gas-Electric

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. However, climate models to date have mischaracterized the effects of soot in the atmosphere, according to Jacobson, director of Stanford’s Atmosphere/Energy Program. Tags: Climate Change Emissions. Dessler et al.,

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

Senators Kerry and Lieberman Release Details of Energy and Climate Bill; Incentives for Electric Drive and Natural Gas Vehicles

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2010

Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, released the details of their long-anticipated energy and climate change legislation on Wednesday, 12 May. A hard price collar binds carbon prices and creates a predictable system for carbon prices to rise at a fixed rate over inflation.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Climate Gas Energy

Stanford launches major new natural gas research initiative

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2015

Compared with burning coal, natural gas emits about half the carbon dioxide and substantially less soot, mercury and sulfur. Such fuels could lower greenhouse gas emissions from transportation compared with gasoline and diesel fuel. —Mark Zoback, a professor of geophysics and NGI’s director.

Gas

Gas Asia Mercury Chevron

Annual Increase in Global CO2 Emissions Halved in 2008; Decrease in Fossil Oil Consumption, Increase in Renewables Share

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

In particular in the US, where gasoline prices almost doubled in the summer of 2008 compared to 2007 levels, oil consumption dropped 7% decrease. Coal consumption: lower increase due to financial crisis and more renewable electricity. Tags: Climate Change Emissions. Developing countries edge past 50%.

2008

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions

Study suggests current levels of methane leakage would result in numerous decades of more rapid climate change from a shift to natural gas vehicles

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2012

A) CNG light-duty cars vs. gasoline cars; (B) CNG heavy-duty vehicles vs. diesel vehicles; and (C) combined-cycle natural gas plants vs. supercritical coal plants using low-CH 4 coal. Recent reports in the scientific literature and popular press have produced confusion about the climate implications of natural gas.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Gas Coal

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 7, 2023

An electric vehicle is a type of vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion instead of an internal combustion engine that runs on fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, EVs help to mitigate climate change and improve air quality. The charging efficiency is 98%.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Electric Electrical

Study finds removing corn residue for biofuel production can decrease soil organic carbon and increase CO2 emissions; may miss mandated 60% GHG reduction

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2014

Using corn crop residue to make ethanol and other biofuels reduces soil carbon and under some conditions can generate more greenhouse gases than gasoline, according to a major, multi-year study by a University of Nebraska-Lincoln team of researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change. Changes in SOC.

Carbon

Carbon Emissions CO2 Nebraska

We Are ALL Tongan

Creative Greenius

AUGUST 17, 2009

But surprisingly, a subject Elizabeth didn’t know a lot about is Tonga’s frontline role as a victim of the climate change crisis. Today all 3000 inhabitants of the Carteret Islands have been relocated as they become the first climate change refugees. Why We Tongans Are The Canary In The Coal Mine.

Tonga

Tonga Climate Change San Francisco Climate

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

A new report from the National Research Council examines and, when possible, estimates, “hidden” costs of energy production and use—such as the damage air pollution imposes on human health—that are not reflected in market prices of coal, oil, other energy sources, or the electricity and gasoline produced from them. Click to enlarge.

2005

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal

Report from the REFF-Wall Street; Themes in Renewable Energy Finance

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2009

Attendees believe that renewable energy needs two elements to be successful: technical progress leading to lower costs and a price on carbon. They were hoping it was going to be more aggressive in combating carbon directly through a stronger cap and trade and indirectly with a higher federal renewable energy standard. Earlier post.).

Financing

Financing Renewable Stimulus Package Energy

The Cat Is Still On The Roof – And The Roof! The Roof! The Roof Is On Fire!

Creative Greenius

OCTOBER 15, 2009

In the 15 months that have passed since I wrote the following, ALL the climate change news has gone from bad, to worse, to much worse than that. For the past three months I’ve been working night and day as the Chairman of the South Bay Los Angeles 350 Climate Action Group. Walk the walk why don’t you?

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate 2008 Carbon

S. Korean researchers develop new catalytic pathway for direct conversion of CO2 to liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2016

The new carbon capture and utilization (CCU) system is enabled by their discovery of a new catalyst that produces liquid hydrocarbon (C 5+ ) selectivity of ∼65% and greatly suppresses CH 4 formation to 2–3%. Source: Choi et al. Click to enlarge. 2016.09.072.

Conversion

Conversion Fuel CO2 Hydrogen

BREAKING NEWS: Exxon/Mobil Ordered Out of Torrance, Guilty of Greenhouse Gas Pollution

Creative Greenius

MAY 3, 2009

“Pack Up Your Toxic, Fossil Fuel Factory With Its Climate-Changing Products & Get Out of Town By 2020!&# He makes his living off cars that run out of gas or break down because of the inadequacies of the internal combustion gasoline powered engine. Greenius Rules. I’m thinking not so much. Uncertainty.

Pollution

Pollution Gas Climate Change Carbon

Car Companies Standardize Plug for Electric Vehicles : Gas 2.0

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

is a Green Options Media Production. is a Green Options Media Production. is a Green Options Media Production.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Standards Plug Gas

Report finds says “negative emissions technologies” need to play a large role in mitigating climate change

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

EPA GHG Inventory shows US GHG down 1.7% y-o-y in 2019, down 13% from 2005

3.8% drop in EU’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2019; transport emissions rise

OECD: governments should make better use of energy taxation to address climate change; “meaningful” increases limited to road sector

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

EIA: US energy-related CO2 emissions down 1.7% in 2016; carbon intensity of economy down 3.1%; transportation emissions up

Altex & Unitel partner to demonstrate a new technology for making synthetic gasoline from biomass

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

EIA projects US energy-related CO2 emissions to remain near current level through 2050; increased natural gas consumption

IEA: carbon intensity of global energy supply has barely changed in last 20 years; “window of opportunity in transport”

EIA Projects 5% Decrease in Fossil-Fuel-Based CO2 Emissions in 2009; Little Change in Emissions from Gasoline

US EIA Reports Record-setting 7% Overall Decline in US Carbon Dioxide Emissions in 2009; Transport Emissions Down 4.1%, Lowest Percentage Reduction of the End-UseSectors

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

EEA report: EVs are better for climate and air quality

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

EIA: US energy-related CO2 dropped 2.7% in 2015; of end-use sectors, only transportation increased

EPA: US GHG fell 0.5% y-o-y in 2017; power sector down by 4.2%, transportation up 1.21%

Study concludes abundant shale gas is neither climate hero nor villain; need for targeted GHG reduction policy

EPA: US greenhouse gases dropped 3.4% in 2012 from 2011; down 10% from 2005 levels

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

U-M study: When, where, how electric delivery vehicles are charged has big impact on GHGs

China’s Oil & Gas Giant Sinopec Says Peak Oil Demand Already Happened In China

Study Finds Availability of Low-CO2 Electricity and Hydrogen May Paradoxically Delay Large-Scale Transition to Electric and/or Hydrogen Vehicle Fleet

Oxford Team Outlines Progress and Potential in CO2 Capture and Conversion to Synthetic Transportation Fuels

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

Hot Tub Time Machine WayBack Wednesday – Reposted Word-for-Word from June 25 of 2008

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Senators Kerry and Lieberman Release Details of Energy and Climate Bill; Incentives for Electric Drive and Natural Gas Vehicles

Stanford launches major new natural gas research initiative

Annual Increase in Global CO2 Emissions Halved in 2008; Decrease in Fossil Oil Consumption, Increase in Renewables Share

Study suggests current levels of methane leakage would result in numerous decades of more rapid climate change from a shift to natural gas vehicles

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Study finds removing corn residue for biofuel production can decrease soil organic carbon and increase CO2 emissions; may miss mandated 60% GHG reduction

We Are ALL Tongan

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

Report from the REFF-Wall Street; Themes in Renewable Energy Finance

The Cat Is Still On The Roof – And The Roof! The Roof! The Roof Is On Fire!

S. Korean researchers develop new catalytic pathway for direct conversion of CO2 to liquid hydrocarbon fuels

BREAKING NEWS: Exxon/Mobil Ordered Out of Torrance, Guilty of Greenhouse Gas Pollution

Car Companies Standardize Plug for Electric Vehicles : Gas 2.0

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