Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2016

A Navy ship has, for the first time, operated on a 100% drop-in renewable diesel fuel. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division’s (NSWC PHD) Self Defense Test Ship (SDTS) completed final-phase testing of a 100% drop-in renewable diesel fuel as part of the Navy’s MILSPEC qualification program. Earlier post.). The ex- Paul F.

Renewable 150

Renewable Diesel San Diego Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

Though there are some exceptions to these positive results for some of the diesel versions of vehicles from a total-cost-of-ownership perspective, the overall direction of the results supports the idea that diesel vehicles are competitive within the U.S. Average diesel take rates. Belzowski 2015. Click to enlarge. Model year.

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Gasoline Diesel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2012

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE)’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has published a report on an 18-month evaluation of in-service second-generation diesel-electric hybrid delivery vans and found significant fuel economy benefits of the hybrids compared to similar conventional vans. —NREL Project Engineer Michael Lammert.

Fuel Economy 350

Fuel Economy Economy Hybrid Diesel 350

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2015

liter 1GD-FTV direct-injection turbo diesel engine. Toyota has introduced a new line of turbodiesel engines with more torque, greater efficiency and lower emissions. The new GD engines feature Toyota’s next-generation advanced thermal insulation diesel combustion to reduce cooling loss significantly. Displacement.

Diesel 150

Diesel Toyota Fuel 2013 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Current 2010 USEPA emissions standards for NO x and PM are set at 0.20 Manufacturers have responded with different technologies and engine control strategies for compliance.

Exhaust 218

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2011

Cummins is one year into a four year program (ATLAS, Advanced Technology Light Automotive Systems) to develop, in partnership with the US Department of Energy (DOE), a new light-duty diesel truck engine that will meet Tier 2 Bin 2 (SULEV) emission requirements while achieving at least a 40% fuel economy improvement (26.1 mpg US vs. 18.6

Light 199

Light Diesel MPG Nissan 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. Even though the CO 2 enhancements over background were comparable in the two years, about 25 ppm in 2002 and 35 ppm in 2010, the ?CO/?CO2 CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Barnitt (2010) Click to enlarge. Fuel economy was similar between the gHEVs and diesel vehicles, except for the highest kinetic intensity drive cycle where the hybrid exhibited ~20% higher fuel economy. NREL used six similar trucks for the evaluation project: three Azure Dynamics Balance hybrids, and three diesels (Freightliner MT-45).

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

advantage over competing buses in fluid economy—a measurement of diesel fuel plus liquid urea consumed by the vehicle’s emissions reduction system. Comparisons of type C buses have typically been centered on fuel economy. to conduct a head-to-head fluid economy comparison. —John McKinney, president, IC Bus.

Economy 199

Economy Fuel 2010 Fuel Economy 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 5, 2015

Comparison of DSF fuel economy gains and costs with competing technologies, from Tula’s 2013 SAE paper. In 2012, GM Ventures made an equity investment in Tula; in 2013, Tula engineers presented a paper on their technology at the 2013 SAE World Congress. Wilcutts et al. Click to enlarge.

GM 150

GM Engine Fuel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2010

The chart shows heat release from a standard diesel combustion cycle (solid black line), overlaid with the heat release from a TSCi cycle (dashed blue line). Transonic is currently working with four OEMs on evaluating the system, Rocke said: one each in Asia, North America, Europe and the other in the heavy-duty engine sector.

Fuel Economy 297

Fuel Economy Fuel Economy Engine 297

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2015

million) research project to investigate the use of alternative fuels that could offer customers the power and performance of modern internal combustion engines with environmental benefits comparable to an electric vehicle. The comparative figure for diesel is 113 g/km CO 2.). Ford Motor Company is leading a €3.5-million million (US$3.9-million)

Ford 150

Ford Fuel Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin 225

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2013

Summary of comparison of NO x emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid (D7E) and conventional (D6) dozers. The report was prepared for the California Air Resources Board (ARB) as part of the FY 2010-11 Air Quality Improvement Project Hybrid Off-Road Equipment Pilot Project.

Emissions 231

Emissions Hybrid Fuel Diesel 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2009

Additionally, suggested one of the speakers, advanced SIDI (spark-ignited, direct-injection) engines can take light-duty market share back from diesels in Europe based on the same trends. Comparison of Emission Standards (g/mi). . California’s current LEV II emission standards run through 2010. smog and particulates.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Diesel Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2015

The LH gasoline hydraulic hybrid shows an extreme reduction in NO x compared to a diesel baseline. Broadly, the test results show significant reductions in NO x , particularly against a non-hybrid diesel baseline, and fuel economy improvements of up to 18% for the vehicle and under the drive cycles tested. Source: Lightning Hybrids.

Hybrid 150

Hybrid Emissions Light Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2010

Eligible projects will include dynamic testing of locomotives, rolling stock and other rail equipment, with various biofuel blends as fuel; or bio-based lubricants being utilized in the appropriate equipment components to verify the effectiveness of the fuel or lubricant, in comparison to their equivalent petroleum-based products.

Grant 210

Grant Diesel Fuel 2008 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

Normalized fuel consumption reduction from TSCi over the mini-map operating points compared to production PFI SI engine. and ISFC reduction of 16% in comparison with an SI gasoline engine part load. Click to enlarge. This marked the start-up’s first public technical presentation, he noted.). TSCi prototype injector.

Engine 240

Engine Fuel Gasoline-Electric Gasoline 240

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2015

With the 2016 XC90 ( earlier post ) heading to dealerships across the US, Volvo Cars gave media an opportunity to experience the next generation of its full-size luxury SUV—in both its conventional T6 and plug-in hybrid T8 Drive-E Twin Engine forms—in and around Los Angeles. Volvo XC90 T8 Twin Engine. Earlier post.)

Volvo 150

Volvo Plug-in PHEV Engine 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2010

The next generation of Ford’s EcoBoost turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines will introduce cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), enabling higher compression ratios, according to Ford executives speaking at the SAE 2010 World Congress in Detroit. SAE 2010-01-0353. Alger et al. ,

Ford 210

Ford Congress 2010 Gasoline 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2011

Virent’s BioForming platform can produce drop-in gasoline, diesel or jet fuels from plant sugars. Virent’s biogasoline was found to cause “no harm” to vehicles in comparison to Shell’s baseline fuel. Virent’s biogasoline was found to cause “no harm” to vehicles in comparison to Shell’s baseline fuel. Source: Virent.

Fleet 343

Fleet Auto Gasoline Wisconsin 343

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

During the period from 2010 to 2015, JRC—involved in the process from the beginning—tested the various versions of the new test cycle and test procedure on a number of vehicles that were also tested under NEDC conditions. Moving from NEDC to WLTP did not have much impact on NO x from gasoline vehicles and CO from diesel vehicles.

Emissions 150

Emissions Vehicles Diesel Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2009

While full electric powertrains (battery and fuel cell) will at some point become pervasive in light-duty vehicles, the dominance of the internal-combustion engine will remain unchallenged over the next twenty years, according to Robert Bosch GmbH executives at their annual International Automotive Press Briefing in Boxberg, Germany.

Engine 150

Engine Li-ion Lithium Ion Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2011

The White Paper was published by the US Coalition for Advanced Diesel Cars, a national organization focused on promoting technology neutral policies and the energy efficiency and environmental benefits of advanced clean diesel technology. Impact of different sales mix on new car average fuel economy.

Standards 247

Standards Transportation Fuel Economy MPG 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2017

The American Lung Association oversees the Clean Air Choice program throughout the United States promoting alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel and E85, partnering with fleets to replace legacy diesel engines, and by supporting the clean-air advantages of electric and hybrid vehicles. —Harold P.

Chicago 150

Chicago Clean Cleaning 2017 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 14, 2012

Ford commissioned the survey, conducted by the consultancy The Futures Company, to better understand the opinions and attitudes of Europeans across a range of mobility issues—from car sharing to green driving to the future of the internal combustion engine. Future mobility solutions.

Environment 319

Environment Ford Cost Of Cars 319

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2011

In comparison, they noted, the technology for bio-chemical ethanol production from cellulosic biomass is not sufficiently developed yet. The technology opens the possibility of a spark-ignited gasoline engine operating at high compression ratio (12 - 14) and high boost ratios of 2.0- methanol using thermo-chemical processes.

Transportation 257

Transportation Fuel Coal Gasoline 257

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

The Ford team updated the SMP model with historical data for 2000, 2005, and 2010, and extended the model to calculate the total CO 2 emissions (tonnes) and the TTW (tank-to-wheel) emission rate (g CO 2 /km) for the new vehicle fleet. To achieve 450 ppm, WTW LDV CO 2 emissions decrease 25% from 2000 and 34% between 2010 and 2050.

Light 261

Light Global CO2 Ford 261

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

Comparison of relative contributions from various sources to total BC emissions between China and other countries/regions including India, North America, and Africa. Comparison of fuel consumptions in China between the statistics from CESY (sums of the provincial data) and those from IEA (national data) for a period from 1980 to 2007.

2007 271

2007 Carbon China Emissions 271

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2016

Driving the sales increase is a forecast significant reduction in battery prices—the result being that during the 2020s EVs will become a more economic option than gasoline or diesel cars in most countries. Lithium-ion battery costs have already dropped by 65% since 2010, reaching $350 per kWh last year. Although some 1.3

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Sale Global Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2009

UPS van fuel economy comparison. UPS’ first-generation diesel hybrid delivery vans improved the on-road fuel economy by 28.9% Both the Freightliner hybrid model and the conventional model use a Mercedes-Benz MBE 904 four-cylinder diesel engine. greater than the diesel van group’s 10.2 Source: Lammert 2009.

Fuel Economy 210

Fuel Economy Economy Eaton Hybrid 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2009

Achieving the overall goal of the 50% increase in vehicle freight efficiency is to be achieved through efficiency improvement in advanced vehicle systems technologies and advanced engine technologies. This engine must be capable of meeting 2010 emission standards, and be commercially viable.

Light 150

Light Fuel Economy Economy Engine 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. This represents a 6% decrease relative to MY 2011, and essentially offsets the 5% increase from MY 2010 to MY 2011. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 247

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2014

Section of the MkII Clarke-Brayton split-cycle engine. Motiv Engines, LLC introduced the second-generation of its engine concept dubbed the MkII Clarke-Brayton Engine, which it intends to develop into a heavy-duty on-highway engine fueled by liquid natural gas (LNG). Note the three different cylinder sizes.

Engine 345

Engine Concept Design Exhaust 345

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

In July 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) appointed the Committee to Review of the 21 st Century Truck Partnership, Phase 2, to conduct an independent review of the 21 st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP). Among the findings and recommendations, by area, from the new report are: ENGINE SYSTEMS AND FUELS. Background.

EPA 199

EPA Fuel Engine Hybrid 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

In a presentation at the SAE 2014 High Efficiency IC Engine Symposium and then in a paper given at SAE 2014 World Congress, Mark Sellnau, Engineering Manager, Delphi Advanced Powertrain, reported that Brake Specific Fuel Consumption for the 1.8L Earlier post , earlier post.). Background. Earlier post.)

Gasoline 304

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin 304

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2009

The instrumentation developed must be able to support a transient voltage of 1,500 V in comparison to the vehicle reference, whereas the normal operating voltage of fuel cells is 300 V and its current 200 amperes. Given this situation, PSA foresses process engineering and mass marketing in the 2020-2025 timeframe. FiSyPAC poster.

Extended Range 207

Extended Range Fuel Electric Vehicles Range 207