Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2016

The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.

Ozone 150

Ozone Oil Gas Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Comparison of annual N 2 O ODP-weighted emissions from the 1990s with emissions of other ODS in 1987 and in 2008. Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. Today, nitrous oxide emissions from human activities are more than twice as high as the next leading ozone-depleting gas.

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions 2009 Climate 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2022

The San Joaquin Valley has been attainment for Carbon Monoxide (CO) since 1994, reached attainment for the federal PM 10 standard in 2008, and demonstrated attainment of the federal 1-hour ozone standard in 2014. The District is currently working on reaching attainment for the federal 8-hour ozone and PM 2.5 standards.

Clean 283

Clean Cleaning Ozone Fresno 283

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2019

Funded in part by a $5-million zero-emissions grant from the Federal Aviation Administration, the electric buses replace the aging compressed natural gas bus fleet that has been operating at SJC since 2008. The electric bus fleet is anticipated to reduce ozone emissions by 1.1

International 328

International Fleet Indianapolis Ozone 328

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2020

The modeled 2028 base year 8-hour ozone design values were found to be above the 70 ppb NAAQS for 75 monitoring locations. By 2035, 46 states will be in attainment with the 2015 ozone NAAQS of 70 ppb (only counties in California and Utah remain in nonattainment). Source: MECA. ppb in the west (San Bernardino, CA) and 4.9

Cleaner 243

Cleaner Ozone Emissions Atlanta 243

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

VOCs, primarily emitted from the tailpipes of vehicles, are a key ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone which, at high levels, can harm people’s lungs and damage crops and other plants. —lead author Carsten Warneke, Ph.D.,

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2010

Since 1990, nationwide air quality has improved significantly for the six common air pollutants: ground-level ozone; particle pollution; lead; nitrogen dioxide; carbon monoxide; and sulfur dioxide, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report “Our Nation’s Air - Status and Trends through 2008”. annual PM 2.5

EPA 186

EPA Ozone 2000 2008 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

The existing US NO x cap-and-trade program lowered 2008 summertime NO x emissions from power plants and large industrial sources 62% compared to year 2000 levels and 75% lower than in 1990, according to a report released by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). State level ozone emissions in the NBP, from 1990 to 2010 (projected).

United States 199

United States District of Columbia Ozone 2008 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2012

Bromine also can remove ozone from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere. Despite ozone’s beneficial role blocking harmful radiation in the stratosphere, ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant. Bromine then reacts with a gaseous form of mercury, turning it into a pollutant that falls to Earth’s surface.

Ozone 210

Ozone Mercury United Kingdom 2008 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Jakober, 2008). lower ozone formation potential of the carbonyl compounds present than DF under the identical operating conditions. Kleeman (2008) “Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles,”. Tests were performed under constant speed/varying load and under constant load/varying speed. CFT had 16.5–44.1%

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons. —Professor Dudley Shallcross, Professor in Atmospheric Chemistry at The University of Bristol.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change 2012 Climate 268

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2011

Between 2002 and 2008, PowerTrain imported 79,830 nonroad engines or pieces of equipment into the US that were not covered by a Clean Air Act-required certificate of conformity. Ground level ozone can trigger a variety of health problems, including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation and congestion. and Tool Mart, Inc.

Clean 186

Clean Cleaning District of Columbia Standards 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2011

Between 2002 and 2008, PowerTrain imported 79,830 nonroad engines or pieces of equipment into the US that were not covered by a Clean Air Act-required certificate of conformity. Ground level ozone can trigger a variety of health problems, including chest pain, coughing, throat irritation and congestion. and Tool Mart, Inc.

Clean 186

Clean Cleaning District of Columbia Standards 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2011

The Cross-State Air Pollution Rule replaces and strengthens the requirements of the 2005 Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), which the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit ordered EPA to revise in 2008. reductions; annual NO x reductions; and ozone-season NO x. Ozone Season NO x Power Plant Emissions. Source: EPA. reductions.

Pollution 199

Pollution EPA Transportation Ozone 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2016

Without a nationwide ultra-low NO x emission standard, SCAQMD argues, California will not be able to meet the 2023 deadline for achieving the federally mandated 8-hour ozone standard, which was adopted in 1997 and set at 80 parts per billion. liter engine, produced by Cummins Westport Inc., Earlier post.).

EPA 170

EPA Standards California Ozone 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

2009), reproduced from Ramanathan and Feng (2008) Click to enlarge. HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. The Montreal Protocol has already delayed climate change by seven to 12 years, and put the ozone layer on the path to recovery later this century. Ramanathan.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2010

The changes made to the statewide Voucher Incentive Program, also known as the VIP, will make funding available to a larger variety of trucks that will help owners comply early with the statewide truck and bus regulation passed in 2008. VIP is part of the state’s overall plan to cut toxic diesel emissions 85 percent by 2020.

California 186

California Diesel Emissions Cleaner 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

Because the latter was a $126 billion/year market in 2008, even small differences in GWPs can have large economic consequences. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Similar reactions influence the creation of nitrate aerosols.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

JULY 4, 2010

Researchers at North Carolina State University are developing an ozone-based pre-treatment technique (ozonolysis) to release sugars from the energy grass miscanthus for production into renewable fuels or chemicals with minimal generation of chemical waste streams and degradation of the carbohydrate components. García-Cubero et al.

Ozone 170

Ozone North Carolina Energy 2010 170

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2019

Since real-world workboat engines are operating with longer lifespans, the actual nitrogen oxide emission reductions are 52 percent weaker than predicted in EPA’s 2008 Rule calculations. A longer service life reduces the fleet’s turnover rate to cleaner, lower-emitting engines, therefore increasing future-year emission estimates.

Mariner 223

Mariner EPA Emissions Engine 223

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. In 2008, the minimum ice extent was 9% greater than in 2007, but still the second lowest on record. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent. Source: Climate Change Compendium.

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2011

More findings from the CalNex research on a variety of subjects, from the formation of ozone to the interactions of particles and clouds, are being presented at a four-day workshop May 16 through 19 in Sacramento, California.

Pollution 186

Pollution California Clean Cleaning 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2017

Approximately 70% of the reductions needed to meet the ozone standard in the South Coast in 2031 would come from existing or proposed regulatory actions. CARB began publicly evaluating controls for SLCPs with the first AB 32 Scoping Plan in 2008 and has held at least 10 workshops and public hearings to gather input.

Climate 199

Climate California Ozone Pollution 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The regulation has been in development for the past two years since the passage of the Scoping Plan in 2008. There are also provisions to develop international offset programs that could include the preservation of international forests. ARB Staff presentation on Cap-and-Trade Program. Proposed Regulation to Implement.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2015

HCR188C/R441A and HCR188C/R443A are both patented and trademarked zero-ozone-depleting/extremely low global-warming-potential (GWP) hydrocarbon blends. TEGA is ISO 9001:2008 certified, and is one of the main distributors for flammable and non-flammable refrigerants in Europe.

Global 150

Global Hawaii Ozone Germany 150

Green Cars News

JULY 26, 2009

In the August issue of the American Thoracic Society’s American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , it states that exposure to ozone at levels currently deemed safe by the NAAQS clean air standards can have a significant negative effect on lung function. The research found that 6.6 hours of exposure.

Ozone 36

Ozone Green Cars 2008 Standards 36

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use was estimated to increase from 3.78% to 5.46%, and the share of biodiesel in global diesel type fuel use from 0.93% to 1.5%.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

Sustainable Communities : The Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act of 2008 (SB 375) directs California’s metropolitan planning organizations to develop sustainable communities strategies that meet regional greenhouse gas reduction targets through integrated land use, housing and transportation planning.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Based on model year 2008 NMOG certification data for vehicles sold in California, 22% of new vehicles are certified as LEV, 55% as ULEV, and 22% as SULEV. Light-duty passenger cars and trucks are responsible for a major fraction of ozone- forming emissions: NO x (15% of California emissions), CO (42%), and ROG (21%).

Emissions 186

Emissions California Fleet Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. The second engine was a Ford 2008 6.4 Diesel engine exhaust also includes toxic unregulated pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene and formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like benzo(a)pyrene.

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

The global economic crisis 2007/2008 only temporarily reduced emissions. Additionally, reducing transport emissions of particulate matter (including black carbon), tropospheric ozone and aerosol precursors (including NO x ) can have human health and mitigation co?benefits GtCO 2 eq (1.3%) per year from 1970 to 2000.

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2015

Research data included 11,390 emergency room visits and hospital admissions made by 7,954 children ages 0 to 18 between 2000 and 2008. and ozone in warm months, and with PM 2.5 , carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen in the cool season. Hospital encounters for asthma were linked to PM 2.5

Pollution 150

Pollution California Ozone Davis 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

In response to a Board directive in April 2008, ARB staff developed a plan to further reduce emissions from locomotives and railyards. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog. ARB Chairman Mary Nichols. The emission reductions were to be beyond existing US EPA regulations and ARB regulations and agreements.

Diesel 170

Diesel Emissions California 2007 170

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2016

The Haifa region began air quality monitoring some 30 years ago; the metropolitan area now has the densest air quality monitoring network in Israel with 27 continuous monitoring stations that measure criteria pollutants including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ozone, particulates and more.

Israel 150

Israel Emissions Diesel Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

In order to achieve the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards set by US EPA, CARB estimates that the South Coast Air Basin alone (including Los Angeles) will need an 80% reduction in NO x emissions by 2031. CARB said it looked forward to continued cooperation with the federal agencies on this long-term effort.

EPA 150

EPA Fuel Standards Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

This phase was conducted at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in 2007 and 2008 and was the basis for selecting one HHDD engine/control system for health testing in Phase 3. This phase was conducted at SwRI in 2012.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

CARB began publicly evaluating controls for SLCPs with the first AB 32 Scoping Plan in 2008. Research now shows that immediate action to cut super pollutants in California will reduce damage to forests and crops, lower background ozone and help clean the air in the state’s most polluted regions, including the Central Valley.

Pollution 150

Pollution California Emissions Waste 150