Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2015

Lower crude oil prices and strong demand for petroleum products, primarily gasoline, both in the United States and globally, have led to favorable margins that encourage refinery investment and high refinery runs. Since May 20, Gulf Coast gasoline crack spreads have averaged 17 cents/gal higher than for distillate crack spreads.

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Gasoline 2014 Louisiana Oil 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Shell is the first major oil company to do so.

Gasoline 246

Gasoline EPA Emissions Fuel 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

US gasoline production jumped to 9.1 million barrels per day for April 2010, the highest April level ever and the second-highest gasoline production level for any month on record behind only March 2010 ( earlier post ), according to the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) Monthly Statistical Report. from April 2009.

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Gasoline Production 2009 2010 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2013

Bamboo, the composition of which is highly similar to energy grasses used for biofuel production such as switchgrass, is an interesting potential feedstock for advanced bioethanol production in China due to its natural abundance, rapid growth, perennial nature and low management requirements. million tons in 2008.

China 351

China Gasoline Tax London 351

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2016

At the heart of its low-emissions strategy, the new four-cylinder Ingenium gasoline engine is now in production at Jaguar Land Rover’s £1-billion (US$1.33-billion) liter four-cylinder diesels in 2015, these advanced gasoline engines become the latest Ingenium engines to enter production and will be available from 2017.

Land Rover 150

Land Rover Gasoline Engine Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

However, even with increases in 2010 and 2011, projected CO 2 emissions in 2011 are lower than annual emissions from 1999 through 2008. This growth is the result of an expected recovery in the global economy, with world gross domestic product (GDP, on an oil-weighted basis) assumed to rise by more than 3 percent per year.

2008 186

2008 2010 Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

In a new, comprehensive study, a team from Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University and UC Davis ITS has estimated the well-to-wheels (WTW) GHG emissions of US production of gasoline and diesel sourced from Canadian oil sands. M+SCO = surface mined and upgraded SCO IS+B = bitumen from in situ production.

Oil-Sands 150

Oil-Sands Oil Gasoline Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. GDI application will subsequently be expanded across the gasoline engine family and applied to other Hyundai models. in the new production 2.4 Theta II GDI.

Hyundai 210

Hyundai Gasoline Engine Production 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2010

US gasoline deliveries for May dipped 0.4% Average regular-grade gasoline prices were 57 cents per gallon higher in May 2010, compared with the same month a year earlier, according to the US Energy Information Administration. Total motor gasoline production in May was at 9.1 from last year to average 9.05

2003 210

2003 Gasoline 2010 2009 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2010

million barrels a day, US gasoline deliveries (a measure of demand) fell slightly (0.03%)in July 2010 compared with July 2009, continuing weak deliveries for the first half of the year, according to figures from the American Petroleum Institute (API). Except for 2008, it was the lowest July gasoline demand number since 2003.

Gasoline 210

Gasoline 2003 2004 2009 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2011

At the Shanghai Auto Show, BYD unveiled a turbo-charged, fuel stratified, direct-injection all-aluminum-alloy gasoline engine designed and manufactured entirely in China. liter gasoline engine. In December 2008 it began mass-production of the “dual-mode” electric and hybrid-electric tandem engines in the F3DM.

BYD 210

BYD Gasoline Engine Charging 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

Total US exports of finished petroleum products have increased more than 60% since 2007 as markets have become more globally integrated, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). This trend is driven primarily by finished motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil which are increasingly exported to Latin America.

2007 273

2007 Global Market Production 273

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2010

CO 2 emissions from the US transport sector, 1990-2008. The draft report of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s annual Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008 shows that in 2008, overall greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions decreased by 2.9% (206.1 Tg CO 2 in 2008 from 1,893.8 Click to enlarge.

2008 231

2008 Emissions EPA Transportation 231

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 20, 2012

Except for 2008, this was the largest drop in annual domestic deliveries over the past decade. Gasoline deliveries showed declines for 2011 as a whole and for the month of December. The weakness in gasoline demand in 2011 reflected the overall weakness in consumer spending. Distillate production at 4.5 for the year.

2011 210

2011 Production 2010 Oil 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2009

Neste Oil has decided to postpone construction of a new gasoline isomerization unit at its Porvoo, Finland refinery. The decision to build a new isomerization unit was taken in summer 2008 and its investment cost was estimated to be approximately €80 million (US$104 million). Earlier post.).

Gasoline 170

Gasoline Oil Bahrain Singapore 170

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

Global CO 2 emissions from fuel use and cement production by region. in 2008, against 3.3% billion tonnes in 2008. In particular in the US, where gasoline prices almost doubled in the summer of 2008 compared to 2007 levels, oil consumption dropped 7% decrease. In 2008, biofuels contributed about 2.5%

2008 170

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions 170

Green Car Congress

MARCH 23, 2010

and Shell have successfully started production at the first demonstration plant converting plant sugars into gasoline and gasoline blend components, rather than ethanol. Moving from lab-scale to a demonstration production plant is an important milestone for biogasoline. Virent Energy Systems, Inc. Earlier post.)

Production 230

Production Gasoline Wisconsin Fuel Economy 230

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2010

The Brazilian government has rolled back the anhydrous ethanol blend level in gasoline from 25% to 20% for a period of 90 days, effective 1 February. Under Brazilian federal law, the anhydrous ethanol content of all gasoline sold in the country must be between 20% and 25%. Hydrous ethanol is the more popular fuel in Brazil.

Brazil 225

Brazil Gasoline 2006 Water 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2011

The refreshed 2012 Mazda3, making its debut at the 2011 Canadian International AutoShow, will offer the option of Mazda’s new SKYACTIV-G gasoline engine and SKYACTIV-Drive automatic transmission ( earlier post ) when it is launched later this fall. SKYACTIV-G gasoline direct injection engine. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 186

Gasoline 2012 Engine Mazda 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2011

Current case design block flow diagram of thermochemical gasoline from biomass-derived methanol and the methanol-to-gasoline process. Gasoline has a higher energy content than ethanol.) Source: NREL. Click to enlarge. gallon US ($0.52/liter). gallon US ($0.52/liter). gallon ($0.37/liter). per gallon ($0.41 per liter) and $1.49

Gasoline 225

Gasoline Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric Convert 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2016

Infiniti will introduce a production-ready variable compression ratio engine VC-T (Variable Compression-Turbocharged) at the 2016 Paris Motor Show (Mondial de l’Automobile) in September. Infiniti said that the new four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline VC-T engine has been in development for more than 20 years. Croguennec, S. Hiyoshi, R.,

Infinity 150

Infinity Engine Motor Motors 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2014

2 Production ceased in 2008 and production of a new model started in 2011. *3 3 Kluger Hybrid (for the Japanese market) production ceased in 2007. *4 4 Crown Royal production ceased in 2003, Crown Sedan production ceased in 2008. Cumulative sales of all TMC hybrid models. *2 Click to enlarge.

Prius 246

Prius Toyota Sale Hybrid 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2010

US import levels of crude and products in 2009 lagged prior year levels, with full-year 2009 imports of 11.7 For full-year 2009, crude oil production was up 7% over the prior year, averaging 5.3 from December 2008, reflecting an improved economy and possibly increased demand from colder weather. from December 2008.

2009 186

2009 Production 2008 Gasoline 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

The new Peugeot 208 B-segment supermini, which launches this spring in Europe, will be available in 3- and 5-door bodystyles with a range of gasoline and diesel engines including a new 3-cylinder gasoline engine range and the latest generation of Stop & Start System (e-HDi) diesel engines. 208 gasoline range. 208 gasoline range.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Diesel Engine France 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2009

Australia-based Revetec is designing what it calls the Controlled Combustion Engine (CCE)—a cam-drive gasoline spark-ignited internal combustion engine that is smaller, lighter, cleaner, less expensive to manufacture and that produces higher torque due to higher mechanical transfer than equivalent conventional engines. Click to enlarge.

Engine 240

Engine Gasoline Production China 240

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2019

Electric scooter use has been increasing in popularity as a more environmentally friendly and efficient alternative to gasoline vehicles. The system collates data from about 100 participating hospitals, which is then extrapolated to provide national estimates on injuries related to consumer products.

District of Columbia 249

District of Columbia New Jersey 2008 Electric 249

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

In California’s Los Angeles Basin, levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants have decreased by about 98% since the 1960s, even as area residents now burn approximately three times as much gasoline and diesel fuel. This indicates that the main VOC source in the LA basin is likely gasoline vehicle emission.

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2013

The world’s consumption of gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil, and other petroleum products reached a record high of 88.9 In 2009, Asia surpassed North America as the world’s largest petroleum-consuming region as consumption rebounded from its 2008 decline. Between 2008 and 2012, Asia’s consumption increased by 4.4

North America 261

North America 2012 America Europe 261

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study examined the fuel-cycle CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x emissions of EVs in China in both current (2008) and future (2030) periods and compared them with those of conventional gasoline vehicles and gasoline hybrids.

Coal 291

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline China 291

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2010

At the current pace of research and development, replacing gasoline and diesel with renewable fuel alternatives could take some 131 years, according to a new University of California, Davis, study using a new sustainability forecasting approach based on market expectations. The forecast was published online 8 Nov.

Davis 300

Davis Renewable Gasoline Market 300

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 19, 2009

US crude oil production for October averaged 5.36 Crude production from the Lower 48 states averaged 4.67 The October production figures continue to detail the industry’s success story in the Gulf of Mexico, particularly the deep waters, as well as the way new technologies have helped bring on new production both offshore and onshore.

Oil 218

Oil Production Mexico 2005 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

The 2L stands for two liters per 100 km, equivalent to 118 mpg US, and is based on a production version of the Peugeot 208 1.2-liter The compressed air is used to assist and even replace the gasoline engine to enable maximum efficiency during transition phases, such as acceleration and starts. liter gasoline engine.

Hybrid 301

Hybrid Energy Storage Gasoline Environment 301

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2018

EPA began collecting industry-wide footprint data in MY 2008. The average footprint within each of the five vehicle types has been relatively stable between MY 2008 and MY 2016. The overall new vehicle average footprint has also been stable between MY 2008 and MY 2016. percentage points to a record 12% of all production.

Fuel Economy 261

Fuel Economy Economy EPA Fuel 261

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2014

The California Energy Commission approved $8 million in grants to two biofuel companies stemming from a solicitation issued earlier this year (PON-13-609: Pilot-Scale and Commercial-Scale Advanced Biofuels Production Facilities). Cumulatively, CEC noted, ethanol comprises more than 95% of California’s biofuel production. ARV-14-021 ).

Renewable 246

Renewable Grant Diesel California 246

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2012

In October 2011, the refinery yield of distillate fuels (a category that includes diesel fuel and heating oil) reached 29.7%, matching the previous record set in December 2008, according to figures from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). For all major products, only the distillate yield is higher now than it was in October 2001.

2001 199

2001 2011 Oil Gasoline 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2011

This bio-oil will then be upgraded to gasoline, jet and diesel fuels using catalytic hydroprocessing technology being developed by UOP. Ultimately, he suggested, the entire fuel production process, not just the pyrolysis process, could be distributed closer to the source of the biomass. UOP, Ensyn and Envergent. Earlier post.).

Hawaii 225

Hawaii Gasoline Oil-Sands Diesel 225