Global, Ozone, Pollution and Presentations

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 6, 2018

Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Trends in daily maximum ozone levels (known as 4MDA8) at urban and non-urban sites.

Ozone

Ozone Global North America Colorado

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2016

Since the 1980s, air pollution has increased worldwide, but it has increased at a much faster pace in regions close to the equator. They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global North Carolina

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2018

In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).

Ozone

Ozone Pollution China South Korea

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Preliminary global mean CO 2 concentrations in February 2014 were 398.06 Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

CU Boulder study: routine household activities generate air quality on par with major polluted city

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2019

Cooking, cleaning and other routine household activities generate significant levels of volatile and particulate chemicals inside the average home, leading to indoor air quality levels on par with a polluted major city, according to a study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder. Earlier post.).

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Clean Cleaning

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

Global levels of the hydrocarbons ethane and propane in the atmosphere have been underestimated by more than 50%, according to a new study by a team of scientists from Europe and the US. Levels of ethane and propane declined in many places the 1980s and 1990s, but global growth in demand for natural gas means these trends may be reversing.

Emissions

Emissions Global Ozone 2011

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

California ARB releases concept paper for public review on reducing short-lived climate pollutants

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2015

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released , for public review, a concept paper to initiate discussion on the development of a Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy. Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) include methane, tropospheric ozone, black carbon, and fluorinated gases.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Concept California

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Full implementation of these measures would reduce future global warming by 0.5 °C Click to enlarge.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

Study finds household and outdoor air pollution contributes to more than 5.5 million premature deaths worldwide per year

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

New research shows that household (indoor) and outdoor air pollution contribute to more than 5.5 In the context of the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study ( earlier post ), researchers from Canada, the United States, China and India quantified air pollution levels and attributable health impacts for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013.

Pollution

Pollution Coal Asia 2013

Study Finds Ozone, Nitrogen Change the Way Rising CO2 Affects Earths Water

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2009

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Excess runoff can also contribute to flooding.

Ozone

Ozone Water CO2 MIT

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. Jacobson at Stanford University. Mark Jacobson. degrees Celsius (4.5

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

Eaton introduces set of products to reduce vapor emissions during refueling; LEV III regulations

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2021

If fuel vapor is released into the atmosphere, it contributes to a category of pollutants known as evaporative emissions. This category of emissions is the largest source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by automobiles, which are a main source of haze, ozone, and particulate matter. Helps meet global emission regulations.

Eaton

Eaton Emissions Gasoline-Electric Production

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climate change of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution California

MIT researchers improve upon methods to model urban air pollution

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2011

The new metamodel is capable of efficiently simulating the urban concentration, surface deposition, and net export flux of these species that are important to human health and the global climate. Urban regions account for an ever increasing fraction of Earth’s population, and are consequently an ever increasing source of air pollutants.

MIT

MIT Pollution Climate South Korea

MIT team proposes SCR emission control for hybrid aviation turbines; reducing NOx by 95%

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2021

At cruising altitude, airplanes emit a steady stream of NO x into the atmosphere, where the chemicals can linger to produce ozone and fine particulates. Previous research has shown that the generation of these chemicals due to global aviation results in 16,000 premature deaths each year. increase in block fuel burn.

MIT

MIT Emissions Hybrid Gas-Electric

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2009

HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases originally developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting chemicals. By 2050, HFC emissions could equal up to 19% of global CO 2 emissions under business-as-usual scenarios. From Molina et al. 2009), reproduced from Ramanathan and Feng (2008) Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Mario Molina. (Dr.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Pollution Ozone

German-Chilean consortium investigating new ways of reducing arsenic in copper concentrates: ReAK

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2022

Chile is the world’s top copper producer (27% of global production) and exporter. Although copper is now readily recyclable, global demand is on the rise, thus calling for the continued mining of copper. Other project partners are also evaluating UV- and ozone-assisted as well as microbial oxidation processes. © Fraunhofer IWKS.

Chile

Chile Ozone Climate Change Water

Test of Planet-Cooling Scheme Could Start in 2022

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather?

Ozone

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

Cars That Think

NOVEMBER 16, 2021

Yet if countries continue on their present course, the world will likely have warmed by 2.7° If they meet all the pledges they've made for emission reductions by 2030, global temperature rise will be at 2.4° Humanity is already reducing global warming. by spewing pollution into the air. C above pre-industrial levels.

Climate

Climate Climate Change Mariner Pollution

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

The 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) for methane, CO, and NO x (per Tg N) as given in the AR4 and in this study when including no aerosol response; the direct radiative effect of aerosol responses; and the direct+indirect radiative effects of aerosol responses. Source: Shindell at al. Click to enlarge. Drew Shindell.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

US and UK researchers report direct measurement of key atmospheric reactant; more rapid formation of secondary aerosols

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

The researchers believe the measurements will substantially impact the understanding of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms—in particular, in the more rapid formation of secondary aerosols, important in the formation of local smog as well as in global climate change. Carl Percival. —Welz et al. —Marston (2012).

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Researchers from the University of Minnesota have produced a spatially and temporally explicit life cycle inventory (LCI) of air pollutants from gasoline, ethanol derived from corn grain, and ethanol from corn stover for the contiguous US (the lower 48 states). The researchers included a sixth pollutant, ammonia (NH 3 ).

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

Shipping-induced global temperature change in 2050 using different parameterizations of Indirect Aerosol Effect (IAE). Other than these emissions from combustion associated with main engines and boilers, there are also emissions of ozone-depleting substances (CFCs/HCFCs/ HFCs) from refrigerant and air conditioning systems.

Climate

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

BC is a significant component of particulate matter (PM) pollution, which has been linked to adverse health and environmental impacts through decades of scientific research. Most of this infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere, but some is absorbed by GHG molecules like CO 2 , methane, ozone and others. Earlier post.).

Congress

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions

Study Highlights the Importance of Considering Climate Effects of Non-CO2 Emissions from Transport in Mitigation Strategies and Policies

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

Radiative forcing from the global and US ORT and PG sectors. The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate.

Climate

Climate Emissions Transportation Climate Change

Researchers report on potential long-range atmospheric emissions impacts of increased ethanol fuel use in North America

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2012

Emissions for present-day are compared to those for the EISA and All-E85 scenarios. Terrestrial plants are thought to be the dominant global source of atmospheric ethanol.) Acetaldehyde is classified as a hazardous air pollutants (HAP) regulated under Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments. Labels at left are months (e.g.,

North America

North America America Emissions Fuel

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2018

A long-term study of the health of Canadian children has found that exposure to ozone (O 3 ) at birth was associated with an 82% increased risk of developing asthma by age three. An 82% higher risk of developing asthma was associated with each 10 parts per billion, or ppb increase in exposure to ozone at birth.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution San Diego Canada

California ARB greenlights states GHG cap-and-trade program

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants. ARB Staff presentation on Cap-and-Trade Program.

California

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

Thus, the researchers concluded, switching from PFI to GDI vehicles will likely lead to a reduction in net global warming. Recent studies have compared emissions of PFI and GDI vehicles, including particle number and mass, gaseous pollutants, and nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) composition for a limited number of compounds.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. And they’re sufficient to explain much of the global shift in ethane concentrations. Hydrocarbons react with NO x and sunlight to produce ozone.

Global

Global Ozone Emissions North Dakota

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2013

Global trends in vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT) and early deaths from vehicle-related fine particle exposure (2000–2030). A study by a team at the the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) finds that if that lag persists and present trends in vehicle activity continue, early deaths from vehicle-related PM 2.5

Emissions

Emissions Global Fuel Vehicles

SCOPE Biofuels Project Releases Assessment on Environmental Effects of Biofuel Technologies

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

Low-input cultivation of perennial plants, e.g. from short-rotation forestry and grasslands, may be an effective source of cellulosic biomass and provide environmental benefits (reduced pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions). No study in the review presents results in terms of biodiversity. In 2007/08, 0.9%

Conversion

Conversion Water Emissions 2009

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

During the public comment period, ARB staff will continue to meet with stakeholders to refine the regulation and develop proposed changes to present at the Board hearing. Offset Protocols. —ARB Staff Initial Statement of Reasons.

2015

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

Generic process flow diagram for lithium-ion batteries for vehicles (color coded to present LCI data sources). This partnership was led by EPA’s Design for the Environment (DfE) Program, in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, and the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, in EPA’s Office of Research and Development.

Li-ion

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery

Here’s How We Could Brighten Clouds to Cool the Earth

Cars That Think

SEPTEMBER 7, 2021

Take, for example, the tens of thousands of fossil-fueled ships that chug across the ocean, spewing plumes of pollutants that contribute to acid rain, ozone depletion, respiratory ailments, and global warming. Second, we need more modeling to understand how MCB would affect weather and climate both locally and globally.

Climate

Climate Climate Change Solar Mariner

Researchers Determine Process Through Which Hydrocarbon Compounds Emitted by Trees Form Aerosols, With Impact on Human Health and Climate

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2009

Isoprene, a five-carbon diene formed naturally in plants and animals and a precursor of ozone, contributes more than 40% of these emissions. Global isoprene emissions from plants are estimated at more than 500 teragrams each year. The latest finding can support the development of better models of global gas-aerosol chemistry.

Climate

Climate New Zealand Denmark 2009

EV Driven

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

CU Boulder study: routine household activities generate air quality on par with major polluted city

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

California ARB releases concept paper for public review on reducing short-lived climate pollutants

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Study finds household and outdoor air pollution contributes to more than 5.5 million premature deaths worldwide per year

Study Finds Ozone, Nitrogen Change the Way Rising CO2 Affects Earths Water

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Eaton introduces set of products to reduce vapor emissions during refueling; LEV III regulations

California ARB and NOAA Collaborating in $20M Research on Interaction of Air Pollution and Climate Change; One Atmosphere Approach

MIT researchers improve upon methods to model urban air pollution

MIT team proposes SCR emission control for hybrid aviation turbines; reducing NOx by 95%

Cutting Non-CO2 Pollutants Can Delay Abrupt Climate Change; The Fast Action Climate Agenda

German-Chilean consortium investigating new ways of reducing arsenic in copper concentrates: ReAK

Test of Planet-Cooling Scheme Could Start in 2022

Climate Expert: Don't Call It Geoengineering

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

US and UK researchers report direct measurement of key atmospheric reactant; more rapid formation of secondary aerosols

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Study projects net cooling of climate from ship emissions through 2050

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Study Highlights the Importance of Considering Climate Effects of Non-CO2 Emissions from Transport in Mitigation Strategies and Policies

Researchers report on potential long-range atmospheric emissions impacts of increased ethanol fuel use in North America

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

California ARB greenlights states GHG cap-and-trade program

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Study identifies Bakken Formation alone as responsible for ~2% of global ethane emissions

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

SCOPE Biofuels Project Releases Assessment on Environmental Effects of Biofuel Technologies

ARB releases proposed cap-and-trade regulation for comment; transportation fuels impacted in 2015

Abt life-cycle analysis of different Li-ion chemistries for PHEVs and EVs identifies opportunities for improving environmental profile of batteries

Here’s How We Could Brighten Clouds to Cool the Earth

Researchers Determine Process Through Which Hydrocarbon Compounds Emitted by Trees Form Aerosols, With Impact on Human Health and Climate

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