Emissions, Ozone and Statistics

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. —Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

UB study finds link between ambient ozone exposure, artery wall thickness

Green Car Congress

MAY 31, 2019

Long-term exposure to ambient ozone appears to accelerate arterial conditions that progress into cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a new University at Buffalo study. The study found that chronic exposure to ozone was associated with a progression of thickening of the main artery that supplies blood to the head and neck.

Ozone

Ozone Los Angeles North Carolina New York City

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 6, 2018

Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Trends in daily maximum ozone levels (known as 4MDA8) at urban and non-urban sites.

Ozone

Ozone Global North America Colorado

New statistical method to detect ozone pollution hot spots and monitor instrument failure; combining PCA and MEWMA

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2016

A new statistical method developed by researchers at KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia) can detect abnormal ozone levels within large bodies of monitored data. Ozone is the reactive form of oxygen that contains three atoms per molecule (O 3 ) rather than the normal two. Khadraoui, S. &

Ozone

Ozone Saudi Arabia Pollution France

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). The vehicle test matrix had provisions for five vehicles on each emissions standards category (i.e.,

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5. The RCP 8.5

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

Study suggests future climate changes to worsen air quality for >85% of China’s population; ~20k+ additional deaths each year

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2019

W/m 2 before 2100 without overshoot by employment of a range of technologies and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.). We find that, assuming pollution emissions and population are held constant at current levels, climate change would adversely affect future air quality for >85% of China’s population (?55% (The RCP 4.5

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Future

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.

Ozone

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers.

Emissions

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA

Study: 25% EV adoption would save US $17B annually from avoided climate change & pollution damages

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2020

Vehicle electrification in the United States could prevent hundreds to thousands of premature deaths annually while reducing carbon emissions by hundreds of millions of tons. In the new study, Horton, Peters and their team looked at vehicle fleet and emissions data from 2014. Peters, D. Schnell, J.

Climate Change

Climate Change Pollution Climate 2014

New study puts air-pollution related deaths in India in 2019 at 1.67 million

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 27, 2020

and that due to ambient ozone pollution increased by 139.2%. These increases in deaths from ambient air pollution reflect increasing emissions from cars, trucks, and buses, as well as the widespread use of coal to generate electricity in India. There are similar statistics from Europe, Australia, and Japan.

Pollution

Pollution India 2019 Boston

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. Total VOC emission factors for end uses of petrochemical sources in the study. McDonald et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles

Study of 60M US seniors strengthens link between air pollution and premature death

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2017

and of 10 ppb in ozone were associated with increases in all-cause mortality of 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1 of less than 12 μg per cubic meter and ozone of less than 50 ppb, the same increases in PM 2.5 and ozone were associated with increases in the risk of death of 13.6% (95% CI, 13.1 and 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0

Pollution

Pollution Ozone United States Personal

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. Total anthropogenic GHG emissions were the highest in human history from 2000 to 2010 and reached 49 (±4.5) IPCC WG III.

Emissions

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate

Houston-Galveston area to deploy 30 battery-electric delivery trucks

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2013

The Houston-Galveston Area Council (H-GAC) has partnered with the Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE) and Smith Electric Vehicles Corporation (Smith Electric) to reduce vehicle emissions from delivery trucks in the Houston-Galveston region.

Houston

Houston Batteries Battery Ozone

Large scale epidemiological study associates PM2.5, NO2 pollution with kidney, bladder and colorectal cancer death

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2017

The scientific team examined associations of mortality from cancer at 29 sites with long-term residential exposure to three ambient pollutants: PM 2.5 , nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). More than 43,000 non-lung cancer deaths were registered among the participants. μg/m 3 increase in exposure.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone 2004 2017

Air pollution could claim 6.6 million lives per year by 2050, double current rate; small domestic fires and ag the worst offenders

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2015

If air pollution emissions continue to rise at the current rate, some 6.6 In the EU exposure to fine particles and ozone claims 180,000 lives a year, including 35,000 in Germany. Thus, twice as many people die from the effects of vehicle emissions than from road accidents.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Saudi Arabia Asia

Study finds modifying urban form may be a strategy to reduce air pollution

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2017

The found that three of the urban form metrics (contiguity, circularity, and vegetation) have a statistically significant relationship with urban NO 2 ; their combined effect could be substantial. Overall, our findings demonstrate that urban form has a statistically significant relationship with urban NO 2 concentrations.

Pollution

Pollution New Zealand Minnesota Ozone

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Traffic contributes more to NO x emissions in Europe than previously thought, according to a new study by a team at the University of Innsbruck. It has been a challenge to determine how much each polluter contributes to the emission output. The majority of the emissions is caused by diesel cars. —Thomas Karl.

Europe

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution

Study: air pollution causes 800,000 extra deaths a year in Europe and 8.8 million worldwide

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2019

According to Prof Lelieveld, the fine dust content in the air could be reduced further by limiting agricultural emissions, which are responsible for a comparatively large amount of particulate matter pollution and for the associated extra number of deaths in Europe. They focused particularly on PM 2.5

Pollution

Pollution Europe Cyprus Bulgaria

Study finds that cities with highly contiguous built-up areas have on average lower NO2 concentrations

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

NO 2 is mainly produced in the atmosphere from photochemical oxidation of directly emitted nitric oxide (NO) on a timescale of minutes, so that NO 2 concentrations are essentially a marker for combustion-related emissions, Bechle et al. note in their study.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Minnesota Global

Study associates acute exposure to higher ozone levels to higher risk of cardiac arrest

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2020

Exposure to higher ozone concentrations in the air is significantly associated with a higher risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association’s Resuscitation Science Symposium 2020. Participants were age 63 years on average, 61% were men and 53% were non-white.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Missouri 2020

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2018

A long-term study of the health of Canadian children has found that exposure to ozone (O 3 ) at birth was associated with an 82% increased risk of developing asthma by age three. An 82% higher risk of developing asthma was associated with each 10 parts per billion, or ppb increase in exposure to ozone at birth.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution San Diego Canada

HEI study finds no heart effects of ozone exposure in healthy older adults; lungs affected at relatively low exposures

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

The largest systematic study ever conducted of human volunteers exposed to ozone air pollution has found no evidence of effects on the heart in its healthy, older participants, but did find effects on the volunteers’ ability to breathe, even at low ambient levels. Possible pathways by which ozone may cause adverse health effects.

Ozone

Ozone San Francisco North Carolina Pollution

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy

Air pollution associated with increased heart attack risk despite “safe” levels

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2015

Ambient air pollution is a mixture of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitric dioxide (NO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). and NO 2 originate predominantly from the combustion of fossil fuels such as emissions from industrial plants or vehicles.

Pollution

Pollution Belgium Ozone Congress

EV Driven

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

UB study finds link between ambient ozone exposure, artery wall thickness

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

New statistical method to detect ozone pollution hot spots and monitor instrument failure; combining PCA and MEWMA

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Study suggests future climate changes to worsen air quality for >85% of China’s population; ~20k+ additional deaths each year

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Study: 25% EV adoption would save US $17B annually from avoided climate change & pollution damages

New study puts air-pollution related deaths in India in 2019 at 1.67 million

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Study of 60M US seniors strengthens link between air pollution and premature death

IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

Houston-Galveston area to deploy 30 battery-electric delivery trucks

Large scale epidemiological study associates PM2.5, NO2 pollution with kidney, bladder and colorectal cancer death

Air pollution could claim 6.6 million lives per year by 2050, double current rate; small domestic fires and ag the worst offenders

Study finds modifying urban form may be a strategy to reduce air pollution

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Study: air pollution causes 800,000 extra deaths a year in Europe and 8.8 million worldwide

Study finds that cities with highly contiguous built-up areas have on average lower NO2 concentrations

Study associates acute exposure to higher ozone levels to higher risk of cardiac arrest

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

HEI study finds no heart effects of ozone exposure in healthy older adults; lungs affected at relatively low exposures

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Air pollution associated with increased heart attack risk despite “safe” levels

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