Emissions, Ozone, Resource and Transportation

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2023

New analysis has found increasing emissions of several ozone-depleting chemicals despite their production being banned for most uses under the Montreal Protocol—and a loophole in the rules is likely responsible. According to the researchers, emissions from these CFCs currently do not significantly threaten ozone recovery.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Global Switzerland

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. —Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. Source: The ICCT.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2020

Large improvements of air quality in China during the lockdown have been widely reported, but new research shows that two pollutants harmful to human health—fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone—were only slightly reduced. and ozone were only slightly reduced or barely affected.

Ozone

Ozone China Pollution 2020

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

of the human-made climate impact; two-thirds of this impact are caused by emissions other than CO 2 , according to a new study by researchers in Europe and the US. This new study is based on a thorough review of a decade of research on aviation emissions. The formation and emission of sulfate aerosol yields a negative (cooling) term.

Climate

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2016

They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Based on their findings, they suggested that emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global North Carolina

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

The California Air Resources Board’s latest state inventory of greenhouse gas emissions shows that California’s GHG emissions continue to decrease. Trends in California GHG Emissions. Changes in emissions by Scoping Plan sector between 2000 and 2017. Overview of GHG Emissions from the Transportation Sector.

2017

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2016

The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.

Ozone

Ozone Oil Gas Emissions

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2016

As California continues to reduce local sources of ozone, ozone entering the state from the Pacific makes up a larger fraction of measured ozone levels. An ozonesonde is a balloon which measures ozone from the surface to more than 10 kilometers above the ground.

San Jose

San Jose Ozone Universal Transportation

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

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JULY 31, 2019

CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,

Ozone

Ozone Climate Global Water

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2020

More than half of all air-quality-related early deaths in the United States are a result of emissions originating outside of the state in which those deaths occur, MIT researchers report in a paper in the journal Nature. Now it’s looking like other emissions sectors are becoming important. That wasn’t really possible before.

MIT

MIT Pollution Emissions 2005

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2020

California’s latest greenhouse gas data shows that while the state continues to stay below its 2020 target for emissions, there is much more work to do to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. Source: California Air Resources Board (ARB). Total statewide 2018 GHG emissions were 425.3 Transportation emissions declined 1.5

2020

2020 California Emissions 2018

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

Ozone

Ozone Insight Netherlands North America

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. Total VOC emission factors for end uses of petrochemical sources in the study. McDonald et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2014

A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Ozone levels are relatively high in São Paulo, with hourly concentrations above 75 and 125 µg m ?3

Ozone

Ozone Gasoline Pollution Gasoline-Electric

EPA proposes tightening primary ozone standards to range of 65-70 ppb; final rule by October 2015

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2014

Counties where measured ozone is above proposed range of standards, based on 2011-2013 monitoring data. Earlier this year, EPA staff had recommended the further reduction of this primary ozone standard from the current 75 ppb (parts per billion) to a revised level within the range of 70 ppb to 60 ppb—and preferably below 70 ppb.

Ozone

Ozone EPA Standards 2015

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone

Ozone 2005 India Pollution

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world. —Karl Seltzer. Karl M Seltzer et al.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 United States Europe

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. —Professor Ally Lewis, a co-author of the study. —Dalsøren et al.

Emissions

Emissions Global Ozone 2011

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

Annual average concentrations of fine particulates from US sources of combustion emissions from (a) electric power generation; (b) industry; (c) commercial and residential sources; (d) road transportation; (e) marine transportation; (f) rail transportation; (g) sum of all combustion sources; (h) all sources. Source: MIT.

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Power

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2013

Researchers from Rice University and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report in a paper in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry that particularly in Northeastern cities, ozone levels dropped even beyond what was anticipated by cutting emissions of NO x from 2002 to 2006. —Daniel Cohan, co-author. Earlier post.).

Ozone

Ozone EPA 2002 2006

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5. The RCP 8.5

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

Reducing emissions of black carbon soot and ground-level ozone would quickly make a considerable dent in the climate change problem and would also contribute to public health and protect crop yields, according to an essay in the September/October issue of Foreign Affairs. Besides a danger to breathe, ozone lowers crop yields.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate Carbon

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2017

A new international study has found that laboratory tests of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel vehicles significantly underestimate the real-world emissions by as much as 50%. The research, led by the International Council on Clean Transportation and Environmental Health Analytics, LLC., million tons more than the 8.6

Diesel

Diesel International Emissions Ozone

Tohoku team finds swirling ammonia in combustion chambers can help reduce NO emissions

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2018

Researchers at Tohoku University in Japan have identified a way to reduce harmful NO emissions produced by ammonia fuel during combustion. Although the space and time-averaged emission (STAE) of NO was found to decrease with increase in the global equivalence ratio (global ?) Copyright : Taylor & Francis.

Emissions

Emissions Hydrogen Fuel Global

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2020

They found that reductions in ground ozone during this 35-year period resulted in $600 million in increased production annually by the early 2010s. Another difference is that some grains can be annually modified to withstand greater heat and even higher ozone levels in the air. An open-access paper on the work appears in Nature Food.

Ozone

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution

MECA report finds additional NOx emission reductions from new heavy-duty trucks achievable and cost-effective

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

The transportation sector was responsible for over 7 million tons of NO x emissions in the US in 2014, with 50% of this sector’s NO x attributed to heavy-duty on- and off-road vehicles and equipment. NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 Source of data: US EPA (2019). Chart: MECA.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said. Click to enlarge. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

This despite evidence that suggests air pollution impacts from the transportation sector exceed those from greenhouse gases. … NO x -vs.VOC-limited for O 3 , NH 3 -rich vs. For example, states in the western US (WUS) generally produce a larger fraction of their electricity from renewable and/or “emission-free” sources (i.e.,

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

A new report prepared by the World Bank at the request of the G8 identifies ways that the World Bank can do more through its projects to reduce the emission of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs): black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and fluorinated gases known as HFCs. Transportation projects. degrees Celsius.

Pollution

Pollution Climate Transportation Climate Change

California Air Resources Board Unveils $3.7M in Rebates for Plug-in Hybrid and Zero-Emission Vehicles

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2010

The California Air Resources Board announced $3.7 million in rebates for plug-in hybrid and zero emissions vehicles as part of an overall $42.3 million program that Governor Schwarzenegger approved in 2007 to spur technological innovation in the transportation sector. ARB was appropriated approximately $42.3

Plug-in

Plug-in California Emissions Plug

EPA launches Cleaner Trucks Initiative to update NOx standards for heavy-duty trucks

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 14, 2018

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has launched the Cleaner Trucks Initiative (CTI) to further decrease NO x emissions from on-highway heavy-duty trucks and engines. The US has made major reductions in NO x emissions, but it’s been nearly 20 years since EPA updated these standards.

EPA

EPA Cleaner Standards 2001

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

Illustration of projected ozone changes in the South Coast region due to climate change in 2050. Areas in orange and red could see ozone concentrations elevated by 9 to 18 parts per billion. These narrow-focused models utilize high-resolution information about the geography, meteorology and emissions of these areas.

Climate Change

Climate Change Ozone Climate California

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and emission reduction potential. Extraction and transport of fossil fuel. for 2030 and beyond.

Ozone

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global

PSI team develops web tool for consumers to compare environmental impact of passenger cars in detail

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2020

The entire life cycle of the passenger cars is taken into account, including the manufacture of the vehicles and the environmentally relevant emissions from driving. Depletion of fossil energy resources [kg oil-eq.]. Depletion of metal resources [kg iron-eq.]. Depletion of metal resources [kg iron-eq.]. in review).

Mariner

Mariner Climate Change DC Cars

ARB issues solicitation for zero-emission off-road equipment projects

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2012

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) issued a grant solicitation for demonstration projects on zero-emission off-road equipment. Off-road equipment is a significant source of diesel PM, as well as NO x emissions that lead to ozone and secondary PM, ARB noted.

Emissions

Emissions Hydrogen Ozone Diesel

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2020

The eventual CTI rulemaking will establish new, more stringent emission standards for NO x and other pollutants for highway heavy-duty engines. From 2007 to 2017, US NO x emissions dropped by more than 40%. The US EPA issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) for the Cleaner Trucks Initiative (CTI).

EPA

EPA Ozone Clean Cleaning

EPA finalizes Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (Transport Rule)

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2011

Transport Rule states. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has finalized the new Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) (also called the Transport Rule). The rule will improve air quality by cutting SO 2 and NO x emissions that contribute to pollution problems in other states. NO x emissions will drop by 54%.

Pollution

Pollution EPA Transportation Ozone

California Air Resources Board posts revised draft of strategy to reduce “Super Pollutants”

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has posted a revised draft of California’s proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Strategy. These reductions have come from strong efforts to reduce on-road vehicle emissions, especially diesel particulate matter. Black carbon.

Pollution

Pollution California Emissions Climate

Researchers fully characterize reaction that affects ground-level ozone formation; a small but significant impact on predictive models

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

The two combine in the atmosphere to make either nitric acid or peroxynitrous acid; the so-called branching ratio of these two chemicals is important in models of ozone production. This means less of the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide go away, leading to proportionately more ozone, mostly in polluted areas, Okumura said.

Ozone

Ozone Los Angeles Pollution California

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

When action is taken on these classical pollutants—particulate matter (PM), ozone (O?), PM is primarily generated by fuel combustion in different sectors, including transport, energy, households, industry, and from agriculture. and PM 10 ), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. nitrogen dioxide (NO?)

Pollution

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

Study: 2/3 of aviation climate impact due to emissions other than CO2

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

CSIRO study finds ozone uptake in oceans much lower than previously thought

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

Latest GHG Inventory shows California remains below 2020 emissions target; much steeper rate of GHG reductions required

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

EPA proposes tightening primary ozone standards to range of 65-70 ppb; final rule by October 2015

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

Study finds global emissions of ethane and propane underestimated by more than 50%

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions and Ground-Level Ozone Would Provide Immediate Benefit Against Climate Change

UN report projects that increasing use of HFCs likely to have a significant climate impact by 2050; equivalent to current total annual emissions from transport

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

Tohoku team finds swirling ammonia in combustion chambers can help reduce NO emissions

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

MECA report finds additional NOx emission reductions from new heavy-duty trucks achievable and cost-effective

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

World Bank to focus on reducing short-lived climate pollutants; transport projects

California Air Resources Board Unveils $3.7M in Rebates for Plug-in Hybrid and Zero-Emission Vehicles

EPA launches Cleaner Trucks Initiative to update NOx standards for heavy-duty trucks

Study Concludes Warming Climate Will Increase Ozone Levels in Major California Air Basins; Climate Change and Regional Air Quality Are Intertwined Problems

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

PSI team develops web tool for consumers to compare environmental impact of passenger cars in detail

ARB issues solicitation for zero-emission off-road equipment projects

EPA issues ANPR on Clean Trucks Initiative, seeking input from public and stakeholders

EPA finalizes Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (Transport Rule)

California Air Resources Board posts revised draft of strategy to reduce “Super Pollutants”

Researchers fully characterize reaction that affects ground-level ozone formation; a small but significant impact on predictive models

WHO issues new, lower Global Air Quality Guidelines for classical pollutants

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