Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2017

The high-performance, three-way catalytic (TWC) converter is one of the workhorses of emissions reduction for gasoline engines. This function is crucial in current TWC, in which the oxygen partial pressure in the exhaust must be regulated to be near the ideal air-to-fule ration (A/F = 14.6). —Machida et al. Click to enlarge.

Convert 170

Convert Conversion Exhaust Gasoline 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

On 1 September 2017, new emissions regulations for passenger vehicles come into force in the EU and Switzerland. These will plug the gaps in the existing legislation and will help to ensure that diesel vehicles in particular become considerably cleaner as regards their NO x emissions. Image: Empa. Click to enlarge.

Diesel 150

Diesel Buy Vehicles Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2019

Sea shipping accounts for 2-3% of global CO 2 emissions, a proportion that is set to increase as global trade continues to grow at a sluggish but steady pace. Mærsk and Wallenius Wilhelmsen have teamed up with the University of Copenhagen and major customers including BMW Group, H&M Group, Levi Strauss & Co.

BMW 150

BMW Mariner Fuel Diesel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2018

Babies in strollers can be exposed to up to ~60% higher average concentrations of pollution than their parents, causing potential damage to their frontal lobe and impacting on their cognitive abilities and brain development, according to a study by researchers at the University of Surrey (UK).

Pollution 199

Pollution Clean Cleaning Environment 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 27, 2013

The presence of oxygen in the fuel has the potential to lower the exhaust particle number concentration in diesel engines, they concluded. Euro 5 and Euro 6 aim to reduce PM emission to 0.005 g/km for a passenger cars but the future legislation has also introduced a limit on the particle number emissions. Labecki et al.

Diesel 252

Diesel Exhaust Engine Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2016

Researchers at the University of Minnesota have introduced a new method for identifying NO x emissions hotspots using high-fidelity Lagrangian vehicle data to explore spatial interactions that may influence emissions production. On the selected routes, bus stops resulted in 3.3 The buses also emitted 2.3 A study by Wu et al.

Minnesota 150

Minnesota Connect Connected Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2010

A study by a team at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (Brazil) found that higher compression ratios in a spark-ignition engine improved performance of both an E22 blend (78% gasoline, 22% ethanol) as well as neat hydrous ethanol. This product is referred to as hydrous ethanol—approximately 93% ethanol and 7% water.

Exhaust 199

Exhaust Gasoline Water 2009 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2017

In a new study, a team from UCLA, with colleagues from the California Air Resources Board (ARB) and West Virginia University, measured total particle number emission factors (PNEFs) from six newly certified heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) powered by diesel and CNG totaling over 6,800 miles of on-road operation in California.

Diesel 150

Diesel California West Virginia Virginia 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

These trucks haul 80% of goods in the United States and use about 28 billion gallons of fuel per year, accounting for around 22% of total transportation energy usage—presenting a significant opportunity for carbon emissions reduction and energy savings for a key segment of the US transportation sector. Ohio State University.

Vehicles 150

Vehicles Plug-in Lithium Ion Universal 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2010

pre- and post- decarbonization of the electric power sector—to which he referred as pre-CCS and post-CCS, respectively (although decarbonization was not necessarily via CCS—carbon capture and storage).) Direct capture of CO 2 from air, or from an exhaust stream vented to the atmosphere, represents negative emissions.

Transportation 231

Transportation Convert Waste CO2 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2015

The Freightliner SuperTruck features a low-back-pressure, next-generation aftertreatment system that efficiently removes NO x from the exhaust stream. The aftertreatment system features additional insulation to retain maximum heat energy in the exhaust. Phase 2 standards for medium- and heavy-duty GHG emission standards.

2009 150

2009 Engine Detroit Oregon 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2012

While such sustainable concepts are being developed, R&D investments that seek to improve the efficiency of the ICE stand to have a near-term impact on reducing oil consumption and the emissions they generate. catalytic) technologies to reduce toxic gas and particulate emissions. The potential is significant.

Fuel Economy 240

Fuel Economy Engine Economy 2014 240

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2010

An offset is a measurable reduction, avoidance, or sequestration of GHG emissions from a source not covered by an emission reduction program. In this way, offsets would complement the more traditional emissions trading that can occur between two covered sources. what would have happened anyway).

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate Emissions 2008 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2015

A team from University College London and BP’s Fuels and Lubricants Research group has investigated the combustion and emissions characteristics of a range of fuel molecules which can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through a variety of processing routes. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels.

Emissions 150

Emissions Fuel Range Diesel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2021

The US Department of Energy (DOE) will award up to $24 million for research into technology that captures carbon emissions directly from the air, replicating the way plants and trees absorb CO 2. ( building HVAC exhaust) and from natural fluids (e.g., DE-FOA-0002481 ).

Carbon 360

Carbon Exhaust Water Energy 360

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The distilleries were referred to as “stills” and the alcohol became known during the Prohibition period as “moonshine.” The result is more efficient combustion, cooler running engines, lower exhaust temperatures, and increased longevity of engine life. The water contained in hydrous ethanol blends also reduces NO x emissions.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

They found that at all loads, GDCI was remarkably clean, with the potential for no aftertreatment for NO x and particulate emissions. Very low fuel consumption, NO x , and PM emissions were measured. A practical powertrain system with robust PPCI combustion is needed, including injection, valvetrain, boost, and exhaust subsystems.

Gasoline 304

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin 304

Green Car Congress

MAY 31, 2017

The team examined blends of 5% and 10% POMDME in diesel in a single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine to gain an overview of the blend’s impact on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Left: Smoke emissions. Right: NO x emissions. The POMDME mixture was synthesized at the University of Kaiserslautern.

Diesel 186

Diesel Exhaust Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2015

A team from the University of Michigan and Ford’s Research and Advanced Engineering group in Dearborn has studied the effects of ethanol on reducing particulate emissions from a direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine by comparing neat anhydrous ethanol with a baseline fuel of reference grade gasoline (indolene).

Insight 150

Insight Engine Fuel Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2015

Clemson University. Breeding High Yielding Bioenergy Sorghum for the New Bioenergy Belt Clemson University, along with the Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute and partners, will phenotype an exhaustive set of international germplasm and plant varieties. Purdue University. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Transportation 150

Transportation Energy West Virginia Engine 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2016

Researchers from Penn State and the University of Michigan have characterized the nanostructure and oxidative reactivity of soot generated by a light-duty turbodiesel engine operating under a dilute, low-temperature combustion process referred to as high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC). THC and CO as well as NO x and PM.

Diesel 150

Diesel Exhaust Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 13, 2013

The main conclusions of NREL’s analysis were: Several of the studies tested relatively large numbers of engines or vehicles, including the Coordinating Research Council’s (CRC) engine durability study (28 engines); the University of Minnesota’s in-use fleet study (80 vehicles); and the US DOE’s catalyst durability study (82 vehicles).

2001 300

2001 Minnesota Cars Emissions 300

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 25, 2014

Low temperature combustion (LTC) refers to a broad range of in-cylinder combustion strategies for the reduction of NO x emissions from diesel combustion; NO x is formed primarily by a thermal mechanism, which production rates increasing exponentially with temperature. One common technique is to place the main injection near TDC.

Diesel 210

Diesel Emissions Range Exhaust 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 30, 2015

Researchers at RWTH Aachen University in Germany report on their evaluation of two possible future biofuels—tailor-made from biomass—in a paper in the journal Fuel. However, both 2-butanone and 2-methylfuran showed increased emissions of NO x compared to ethanol. The initial set of ~168.8 2015.11.039.

Engine 150

Engine Future Gasoline Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2014

Bengt Johansson at Lund University and others, has demonstrated that using low-octane gasoline in diesel engines has the potential to achieve very high efficiency while reducing the cost of diesel engines by lowering injection pressures and requiring less expensive exhaust aftertreatment. —Viollet et al.

Gasoline 210

Gasoline Fuel Light Diesel 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2016

Berube went on to reference the importance of DOE’s major new Co-Optima initiative ( earlier post ), an effort to co-optimize new fuels and light-, medium- and heavy-duty engines which together could achieve very significant performance improvements. The EPA Tier 3 emissions standards are going to be incredibly difficult to meet.

PHEV 218

PHEV Engine Fuel Economy Economy 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2013

A number of papers from Kalghatgi and his colleagues—and now other groups, including Tsinghua University in China and the Eindhoven University of Technology—have been published recently, exploring different aspects of this approach. Why naphtha? —Chang et al. Leermakers et al. —Leermakers et al.

Gasoline 207

Gasoline Fuel Range Diesel 207

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The alternative-fuel car evolved to reduce exhaust emissions and other problems derived from burning fossil fuels. In this paper PHEV refers solely to the long-range PHEV of 60 miles (100 km) electric-only range.) He was formerly with the University of Wisconsin and Rockwell International, and holds a Ph.D. References.

PHEV 150

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2010

A limit was imposed on emissions from the power plants, and utilities were allowed to buy and sell permits to comply. These reductions in power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) were achieved at a significantly lower cost than originally assumed. greenhouse gas emissions. Participating U.S.

Gas 244

Gas Climate Change Emissions Climate 244