Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

US energy-related CO 2 emissions decreased by 89 million metric tons (MMmt), from 5,259 MMmt in 2015 to 5,170 MMmt in 2016. over that period, other factors contributing to energy-related CO 2 emissions more than offset the growth in GDP, leading to a 1.7% Natural gas CO 2 emissions have increased every year since 2009.

2016 150

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2009

Greenhouse gas emissions in the US economy, 2008. Total US greenhouse gas emissions in 2008 were 2.2% below the 2007 total, according to the just-released report by the US Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2008. The decline in total emissions—from 7,209.8

2007 210

2007 Emissions Transportation Gas 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2018

The California Energy Commission approved an $8-million grant to Equilon Enterprises—a fully owned subsidiary of Shell Oil—to develop a high-capacity hydrogen fueling station to service and promote the expansion of zero-emission fuel cell electric Class 8 drayage trucks at the Port of Long Beach.

Long Beach 275

Long Beach Grant California Energy 275

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2013

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed Clean Air Act standards to reduce CO 2 emissions from fossil-fuel fired power plants (electric utility generating units, EGUs). The proposed rulemaking establishes separate standards for natural gas and coal plants. Background. In the decision in Massachusetts v.

EPA 236

EPA Standards Emissions Power 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2011

Researchers from SRI International (SRI) are developing a methane-and-coal-to-liquids process that consumes negligible amounts of water and does not generate carbon dioxide. FTS produces only a small fraction of the hydrocarbons needed for fuel and requires extensive recycling. Lifecycle GHG comparison. Click to enlarge.

Coal 257

Coal Water Transportation Fuel 257

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2014

Global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production reached a new all-time high in 2013, according to the annual report “Trends in global CO2 emissions”, released by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the European Joint Research Centre (JRC). The much lower emissions increase in China of 4.2%

2013 240

2013 Emissions Global CO2 240

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2016

The average rate at which CO 2 is emitted from vehicle tailpipes and other mobile sources has exceeded the rate of CO 2 emissions from electric power plants over seven of the past eight months. CO 2 emissions from the transportation sector increased at an average rate of 1.8% per year over the past four years. Data derived from US EIA.

Transportation 150

Transportation Emissions CO2 2007 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2015

US GHG emissions by sector, 1990-2013. Total US greenhouse emissions were 6,673 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2013, an increase of 2% (127.9 over the prior year, according to the EPA’s newly published Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2013. Total US emissions have increased by 5.9%

2013 150

2013 EPA Coal 2004 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

Natural gas will play a leading role in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next several decades, largely by replacing older, inefficient coal plants with highly efficient combined-cycle gas generation, according to a major new interim report out from MIT. The first two reports dealt with nuclear power (2003) and coal (2007).

MIT 240

MIT Coal Gas Emissions 240

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2017

Total European Union greenhouse gas emissions increased by 0.5% Transport was a key reason for that increase: better fuel efficiency in that sector was not enough to counter the effects of an increasing demand for transport. Emissions from aviation, representing about 4% of the EU total emissions, increased by 3.3%

2015 150

2015 Emissions Transportation Gas 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Estimated consumption subsidies, industrial and developing countries, fossil fuels and renewables. Fossil fuel subsidies continue to far outweigh support for renewable energy, according to new research conducted for the Worldwatch Institute’s Vital Signs Online service. GSI: Fuel Subsidies in India. Source: Worldwatch.

Renewable 312

Renewable International Fuel Energy 312

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

Factors contributing to the 7% drop in emissions in 2009. While emissions have declined in three out of the last four years, EIA noted, 2009 was “ exceptional ”. In 2009, the carbon intensity of the electric power sector decreased by nearly 4.3%, primarily due to fuel switching as the price of coal rose 6.8% Source: EIA.

2009 239

2009 Emissions Carbon Transportation 239

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2009

Underground coal gasification uses paired wells in a coal seam: one an oxidant injection well, the other the syngas producer well. CIRI), an Alaska Native corporation, is proposing an underground coal gasification (UCG) project that would use the resulting syngas to fuel a new 100 MW combined cycle power plant.

Alaska 199

Alaska Coal Corporation Carbon 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2016

A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas.

Chicago 150

Chicago MIT Tax Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

According to a report from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), US energy-related CO 2 emissions decreased by 146 million metric tons (MMmt) in 2015 to 5,259 MMmt, down 2.7% Energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2015 were about 12% below 2005 levels. —“US Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2015”. Electricity.

2015 150

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2010

Ceres recently released a new report concluding that coal-to-liquid (CTL) and oil shale technologies face significant environmental and financial obstacles—from water constraints, to technological uncertainties to regulatory and market risks—that pose substantial financial risks for investors involved in such projects.

Coal 210

Coal Oil Water Oil Prices 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Despite the economic effects of the global financial crisis (GFC), carbon dioxide emissions from human activities rose 2% in 2008 to an all-time high of 1.3 Other main findings of the study include: CO 2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels have increased at an average annual rate of 3.4% over the previous seven years.

2008 218

2008 Emissions Carbon Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. Total anthropogenic GHG emissions were the highest in human history from 2000 to 2010 and reached 49 (±4.5)

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2014

CO 2 emissions of the C 180 in comparison to its predecessor [t/car]. For CO 2 emissions—and likewise for primary energy consumption—the use phase dominates with a share of 78 and 74% respectively. Production of the new C-Class results in a higher CO 2 emissions than in the case of the predecessor (7.3

Mercedes 252

Mercedes CO2 2007 MPG 252

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production per region. After a decline in global CO 2 emissions in 2009 of 1% (including a. correction for the leap year 2008), global emissions have. After a decline in global CO 2 emissions in 2009 of 1% (including a. Global CO 2. Source: JRC. Click to enlarge.

Global 281

Global Emissions Industrial Industry 281

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2009

Carbon emissions associated with increased exports from China (left), as part of a more systematic view of increased national emissions (right), 2002 to 2005. Researchers from Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States, estimated in the study that China’s 2005 carbon emissions were 80.59% or more higher than 2002 emissions. “

2002 170

2002 2005 Emissions Carbon 170

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

Global CO 2 emissions from fuel use and cement production by region. Emissions increased by 1.7% Global CO2 emissions increased from 15.3 The lower increase in CO 2 emissions was mainly due to a decrease in global fossil oil consumption of about 0.6%, the first global decrease since 1992. Source: PBL.

2008 170

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2009

Estimates of potential for gasoline consumption reduction in the US light duty fleet in 2020 and 2035 relative to 2007. Improvements result from an optimistic scenario achieving doubling of new vehicle fuel economy in 2035 from today’s value. Developing technologies for the conversion of biomass and coal-to-liquid fuels.

Coal 150

Coal Conversion Light Future 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2010

First, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) finalized the Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) rule to implement the long-term renewable fuels standard of 36 billion gallons by 2022 established by Congress and also issued the targets for 2010. Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS2). President Obama.

Obama 218

Obama Coal Clean Cleaning 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed the first Clean Air Act standard for CO 2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new power plants. continental areas, which include Hawaii and the territories; and new units that do not burn fossil fuels (e.g., Coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS): 200 lbs CO 2 /MWh.

EPA 225

EPA Power Powered Future 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2009

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has granted Reaction Design one of seven awards for a project intended to support the full-scale implementation and operation of highly efficient coal-based power generation technologies with near-zero emissions. Reaction Design also leads the Model Fuels Consortium. Earlier post.).

Coal 186

Coal Design Chevron Grant 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

EIA’s AEO2012 projects a continued decline in US imports of liquid fuels due to increased production of gas liquids and biofuels and greater fuel efficiency. Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. million barrels per day in 2007 to 5.5

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

US greenhouse gas emissions by gas. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its 19 th annual report of overall US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, showing a 3.4% Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge.

2005 252

2005 2012 EPA 2011 252

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Further, the fossil fuel share of primary energy consumption falls from 82% in 2011 to 78% in 2040 as consumption of petroleum-based liquid fuels falls, largely because of the incorporation of new fuel efficiency standards for light-duty vehicles. Renewable fuel use grows at a much faster rate than fossil fuel use.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy Sale 2013 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

Lifecycle GHG emissions of CTL/CBTL/BTL compared to 2005 petroleum diesel baseline. These synthetic fuels are economically competitive with petro-diesel when the crude oil price (COP) is at or above $86 per barrel (based on a 20% rate of return, in January 2008 dollars, with a carbon price of zero). Tarka et al. Tarka et al.

Carbon 186

Carbon Diesel Fuel Coal 186

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2011

Australia’s per capita CO 2 emissions are higher than those of the US due to an emissions-intensive energy sector. For the first three years, the carbon price will be fixed, before moving to an emissions trading scheme in 2015. Gillard said that by 2020, this would cut emissions by some 160 million tonnes per year.

Tax Credit 199

Tax Credit Fuel Tax Carbon Australia 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2009

Anthropogenic atmospheric CO 2 , fossil fuel emissions, world GDP, and world population for the past century. Emissions of two of the most important climate change gases increased last year, according to a preliminary analysis for NOAA’s annual greenhouse gas index, which tracks data from 60 sites around the world. Credit: NOAA.

2008 150

2008 CO2 Emissions Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2011

The project is slated to be the first plant in the US to produce Fischer-Tropsch GTL transportation fuels and other products from natural gas, according to Sasol. billion barrels of liquid fuels and chemicals from coal and natural gas. reduced emissions) for the GTL system. Emissions performance of GTL diesel.

Louisiana 210

Louisiana Papua New Guinea Gas Gabon 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2014

Using national emissions and air quality data, the Urban Air Toxics Report shows the substantial progress that has been made to reduce air toxics across the country since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. million tons per year of HAPs from mobile sources, which represents a 50% reduction in mobile source HAP emissions.

EPA 273

EPA Congress Pollution Gasoline-Electric 273

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2009

Transportation sources accounted for approximately 40% of all GHG emissions in the US in 2006; medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (above 8,500 gross vehicle weight rating) represent about 22% of the transportation emissions, up from 15 percent in 1990, according to the EPA. million barrels per day. mpg and projected to rise modestly to 6.8

2017 281

2017 Fuel T600 Diesel 281

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2012

concentration due to combustion emissions from (a) power generation; (b) commercial, institutional, residential, and agricultural sources; (c) industry; (d) road transport; (e) other transport; and (f) all UK combustion sources. UK combustion emissions of PM 2.5 UK combustion emissions of PM 2.5 Annual average PM 2.5

MIT 316

MIT Transportation United Kingdom Emissions 316

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

In 2007, GE and BP formed a global alliance to jointly develop and deploy technology for at least five IGCC power plants that could significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation. HEI is a joint venture of BP Alternative Energy and multinational mining company Rio Tinto Hydrogen.

Hydrogen 199

Hydrogen California Energy Tampa 199