Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2017

A team at the University of Birmingham reports that a blend of 33% v/v of butanol in EN228 commercial gasoline containing 5% of ethanol (B33) reduces GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine-out carbonaceous emissions, while maintaining similar levels of NO x emissions when compared to standard gasoline combustion at low and medium engine loads.

Gasoline 170

Gasoline Emissions Engine B0 170

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2013

Summary of significant emissions results from the fuel testing. Given equivalent deployment of butanols and ethanol, the results suggest emissions of unburned alcohols would decrease, but carbonyl emissions would increase; some of these compounds have poorly understood health effects, they note. Credit: ACS, Ratcliff et al.

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Gasoline Alcohol Blend Light Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2014

BC mass emissions for all four GDI and PFI vehicles over the three different driving patterns. This may result in the need for new emissions control strategies—such as a gasoline particulate filter (GPF)—to enable compliance with California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 particulate emissions standards.

Environment 230

Environment Exhaust Gasoline Canada 230

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2012

Contrary to expectations, exhaust from gasoline vehicles contributes more to the production of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) than exhaust from diesel vehicles, according to a new study by scientists from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) and other colleagues.

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Exhaust Gasoline Diesel Los Angeles 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2016

A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Click to enlarge.

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Exhaust Emissions Gasoline-Electric 2016 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 24, 2016

A research team from Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and the University of Applied Sciences Bern, Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control, reports that ethanol blending appeared to reduce genotoxic emissions from a flex-fuel Euro-5 gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle (a Volvo V60 with a 1.6

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Exhaust Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2017

IAV has developed a particularly closed-coupled diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment (EAT) system. A key contribution to this performance must come from the exhaust gas aftertreatment system—across the entire speed and load range. This way, exhaust gas flows through DOC and SCRF before it enters the turbine. Click to enlarge.

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Exhaust Diesel Gas Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent.

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Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2022

In a recent simulation study reported in Porsche Engineering Magazine , Porsche Engineering examined the potential of hydrogen combustion engines. The result is a high-performance powertrain with emissions at the same level as ambient air. The starting point for our study was an existing 4.4-liter —Vincenzo Bevilacqua.

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Porsche Hydrogen Gasoline-Electric Exhaust 284

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Regulatory regimes seeking to reduce emissions from transport have largely focused on tailpipe emissions—i.e., the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. Non-exhaust PM factors include tire wear, brake wear, road surface wear and resuspension of road dust. earlier post ). Background.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2015

Researchers from Tsinghua University and Peking University have investigated the effects of fuel properties on particulate emissions gasoline direct injection engines (GDI). The study results, reported in the journal Fuel , demonstrated that the fuel composition has a significant on particulate emissions from GDI engines.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2013

Researchers at Environment Canada have found that vehicle exhaust is a significant source of isocyanic acid (HNCO), a toxic gaseous acid that is a product of various forms of combustion and a potential health concern. mg kg fuel –1 and were significantly higher than previous biomass burning emission estimates. —Wentzell et al.

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Exhaust Canada Environment Emissions 207

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

According to a new study by Bosch, the use of e-fuels—synthetic fuels based on renewable energy—in Europe by 2050 as a scheduled supplement to electrification could save up to 2.8 gigatons of CO 2 : three times Germany’s carbon-dioxide emissions in 2016. Top: Threefold pathway to a de-fossilized powertrain. Source: Bosch.

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Emissions Fuel CO2 Gasoline-Electric 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

A study of emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles in an urban near-road environment in Toronto over a wide range of weather conditions (February 2014 to January 2015) found that—other than for NO x and CO—the GDI engines had elevated emissions compared to the Toronto fleet. m from the roadway.

Environment 150

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

A study by a team from North Carolina State University, with colleagues from the Urban Air Initiative and 3DATX Corporation, has shown that non-FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles) can adapt to a mid-level ethanol blend—specifically E27. The study was commissioned by the Urban Air Initiative. — lead researcher Dr. Chis Frey.

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Vehicles Emissions North Carolina Gasoline 284

Cars That Think

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

Although the pollutant emissions of a diesel engine are less than those of a gasoline one, it still emits carcinogens, nitrous oxides, and soot. Older models don’t even have the emission-control features that newer ones do. To reduce emissions, diesel vehicles use filters that catch exhaust particles and other contaminants.

Carbon 103

Carbon Diesel Emissions Bangladesh 103

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2011

Fuel-based particulate matter emission factors (A: PM 2.5 emission factor (mean (95% confidence interval)) for CNG-2S (14.2 emission factor (mean (95% confidence interval)) for CNG-2S (14.2 Of the four-stroke vehicles, a subset also has functioning backup gasoline fuel systems.) Credit: ACS, Reynolds et al. g kg -1 (6.2-26.7))

Gasoline 287

Gasoline Emissions Fuel India 287

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2019

In a study on the effect of exhaust particles from aircraft turbine engines on human lung cells, Swiss researchers have found that cells reacted most strongly to particles emitted during ground idling. For around 20 years, studies have shown that airborne particulate matter negatively affects human health.

Engine 321

Engine Emissions Switzerland Gasoline 321

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2014

drop-in biohydrocarbons) could offer an option to achieve a high-bioenergy-content gasoline that is compatible with conventional gasoline-fueled cars (i.e., those limited to a 10% ethanol blend) without a significant change in emissions. Neste Oil provided the renewable gasoline component. The batch used was a C 5 ?C

Emissions 231

Emissions Renewable Gasoline Cars 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2015

Tenneco is leveraging its expertise in diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology to develop gasoline particulate filters for 2017 model year light vehicles. Gasoline particulate filters effectively control particulate emissions under all operating conditions.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Czech Republic Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 22, 2017

The findings of a study by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, with colleagues at UC Berkeley, suggest that changing atmospheric NO x levels over the next two decades will likely significantly reduce the effectiveness of stricter new gasoline vehicle emissions standards in reducing concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

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Cleaner Los Angeles Exhaust Gasoline 191

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2018

Now, in a new study published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have found that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from both port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles has been substantially reduced through the tightening of NMOG emissions.

Standards 170

Standards Production Exhaust Gasoline 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2013

The study found that the highest-emitting 10% of gasoline vehicles are now responsible for the overwhelming majority of running CO, NMHC, and NO x. However, they also found that decreases in emissions of these pollutants appear to be slowing down and may have leveled off. unmeasured or not reported) from ambient air studies.

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Emissions Los Angeles Motor Motors 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

FTP cycle-weighted tailpipe emissions of N 2 O, NO x , and the sum of NMOG and NO x. The minimum in NO x and NMOG emissions for midlevel ethanol blends points to future opportunities for emission reductions from FFVs. Credit: ACS, Hubbard et al. Click to enlarge. E40); and the new range for high-level ethanol blends (E55, E80).

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Emissions Ford Exhaust Engine 294

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

After a week-long meeting of an expert working group, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is part of the World Health Organization (WHO), classified diesel engine exhaust (DEE) as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), based on sufficient evidence that exposure is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer.

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Exhaust Diesel Standards Emissions 326

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2016

Among their findings was that E20 offers higher peak load capability and thermal efficiency than gasoline. RCCI provides more control over the combustion process and has been shown to have the potential to lower fuel use and emissions significantly. Peak load and efficiency were not affected by the use of B20.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Wisconsin Exhaust Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2014

A study by European researchers has found that two-stroke (2S) scooters, although constituting a small fraction of the fleet, can dominate urban vehicular pollution through organic aerosol and aromatic emission factors up to thousands of times higher than from other vehicle classes. Platt et al. Click to enlarge.

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Pollution Exhaust Emissions Light 362

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2013

PM mass emissions rates for the FTP and US06 drive cycles as function of vehicle mileage. The efficiency advantage is not as large as with diesel engines, making use of gasoline particulate filters (GPF) a less practical solution to PM emissions aftertreatment. Credit: ACS, Maricq et al. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.)

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Standards Emissions Miles Engine 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. Further, the GDI particles carry numerous carcinogenic substances.

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Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel 271

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2009

At the tailpipe, the TWC ultimately reduced the regulated and unregulated emissions from the methanol-gasoline engine to the same levels as those generated by a conventional gasoline engine. A paper on their study was published online 3 December in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. —Fan et al.

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Gasoline Emissions Alternative Fuels Engine 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2014

In a newly published SAE paper, a team from Ford, General Motors and AVL argues that the exclusive use of a match blending approach to prepare ethanol-gasoline blends for regulatory emissions testing “has fundamental flaws”. These parameters are commonly “matched” in studies intended to evaluate fuel composition effects on emissions.

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Gasoline GM Ford Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2012

Global-mean temperature change caused by car exhaust emitted from gasoline and diesel engines specified in the previous and upcoming European vehicle emission standards (EURO 3, 4, 5, and 6). The results are based on one-year pulse emissions in year zero, which would be emitted by an idealized 1000 km drive.

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Climate Gasoline Diesel Engine 223

Green Car Congress

MAY 30, 2017

Researchers at KAUST have developed a computational model capable of simulating soot production inside gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Particulate matter emissions are presently a concern in gasoline fueled direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engines. —Park et al.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Engine Production Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The study was published online 24 May in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. and NO x emissions. Among the findings of the study: CO 2. Credit: ACS, Huo et al.

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Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Pollution 291

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2015

FEV is developing a water injection system for internal combustion engines using condensate from exhaust gases, the “Extended Direct Condensate Injection” system. in the region of the minimum specific fuel consumption on a stoichiometric combustion concept with Miller cycle and cooled external exhaust gas recirculation. Earlier post.).

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Water Fuel BMW 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 23, 2014

EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) developed MOVES; the emission modeling system estimates emissions for mobile sources at the national, county, and project level for criteria pollutants, greenhouse gases, and air toxics. Nearly all US gasoline is produced by splash-blending 10% ethanol.

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EPA Emissions Pollution Gasoline 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2015

A team led by researchers from the National Research Council Canada has investigated the effect of the use of a gasoline particulate filter on the size and morphology of PM emitted from a light-duty gasoline-direct-injection (GDI) vehicle over the FTP-75 and US06 transient drive cycles. Earlier post.) —Saffaripour et al.

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Gasoline Canada Light Engine 150