Diesel, Exhaust, Resource and Universal

Study links exposure to diesel exhaust particles to pneumococcal disease susceptibility

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 26, 2020

Researchers from the University of Liverpool, Queen Mary University, London and Trinity College Dublin have linked exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) to susceptibility to pneumococcal disease. What we did not know however, was how pollution, such as diesel exhaust particles, actually causes airway disease.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Insight

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2019

This research, published in the journal Separation and Purification Technology , shows that ozone can be used to remove not only SO x but also NO x from fossil fuel combustion exhaust streams. In this study, to improve absorption performance of SO 2 and NO 2 , we added ozone in exhaust gas. 2018.12.077.

Exhaust

Exhaust Ozone Japan Diesel

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2021

A team of scientists from six institutions, including Akihiro Moriyoshi, Emeritus Professor Hokkaido University, have found that the presence of Trace Quantities of Organic Matter (TQOM) in modern concrete structures and asphalt pavements drive the deterioration of these structures. Akihiro Moriyoshi, et al. 0249761 ?.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Water Maintenance

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. The internally funded advancement successfully reduced heavy-duty diesel engine nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2027 standards.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine

Researchers show mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles trigger respiratory “flare-ups”

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2017

Researchers at Imperial College London, working with colleagues from King’s College London and University of British Columbia, have demonstrated a mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles directly affect the lungs to initiate symptoms such as a tightening of the airways and cough. Robinson, Mark A. Birrell, John J.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Guinea

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

In a recent open-access paper published in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology , researchers from the University of York report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid account for a larger fraction of real-world vehicle emissions than previous estimates have suggested. Cliff et al.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2021

However, a new lifecycle study by a team from Stanford University and Cornell University has concluded that total greenhouse gas emissions from the production of blue hydrogen are quite high, particularly due to the release of fugitive methane. Carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of fugitive, unburned methane are shown in red.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gas Coal Exhaust

York, Empa study finds retrofitting of VW diesel engines was successful

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2020

The VW diesel scandal began on 18 September 2015. On the opening day of the Frankfurt International Motor Show (IAA), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a Notice of Violation: VW diesel engines with 1.6 liter diesel the emissions were even 53% worse. liter diesel the emissions were even 53% worse.

Diesel

Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions

Study identifies combustion-derived nanoparticles in diesel exhaust as the predominant mediator for adverse cardiovascular events

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2011

A European study lead by scientists at the University of Edinburgh (UK) has found that the combustion-derived ultrafine particles from diesel fuel are the predominant mediators of the adverse effects—harming blood vessels and increasing the chances of blood clots forming in arteries, leading to a heart attack or stroke.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Emissions

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 17, 2012

Under laboratory-simulated diesel exhaust conditions, this mixed-phase oxide material was superior to Pt in terms of cost, thermal durability, and catalytic activity for NO oxidation. Nanostellar was founded in California in 2004 by scientists from Stanford University and NASA Ames Research Center. Kyeongjae Cho.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Dallas Conversion

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. Source: The ICCT.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

UBC study associates exposure to diesel exhaust with changes in DNA methylation

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 9, 2015

In an open access study published in the journal Particle and Fibre Toxicology , a team from the University of British Columbia investigated the short-term effects of diesel exhaust inhalation on DNA methylation levels at CpG sites across the genome in circulating blood in asthmatics. Diesel Emissions Health'

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Canada

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2014

Exhaust particle size distributions measured by ELPI (color map) and particle concentration measured by CPC (white line) during individual engine braking conditions (speed change from 32 km/h to 0 km/h). The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold. The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold.

Exhaust

Exhaust Engine Fuel Greece

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2017

Diesel-powered commuter trains may expose their passengers to elevated levels of certain black carbon and ultrafine particles, especially in the coach directly behind the locomotive, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Toronto. A paper on the study is published in the journal Atmospheric Environment.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Power Powered

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said. 2019.104922.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

U Birmingham study finds DPFs have limited impact on ultrafine particle emissions

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2023

A study by researchers at the University of Birmingham in the UK has found that while Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs) and Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs) has been very effective in controlling the tailpipe emissions of solid particles, there has been little change in the liquid mode ( 104 cm −3 /24-hour mean) defined by WHO.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel London Environment

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

The first study to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of lifetime exposure to new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE)—i.e., exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. Earlier post.) Earlier post.)

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. Diesel particulate filters (DPF) and urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust after-treatment systems thus have emerged as feasible strategies to meet the 2010 USEPA regulations.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007

Study finds PM from biodiesel blends may be 50-80% less toxic per unit PM mass than from petroleum diesel

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2017

In a study published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels , a team from the University of Vermont reports that particulate matter from the combustion of biodiesel blends may be 50–80% less toxic per unit PM mass emitted than PM from petroleum diesel, depending on feedstock. PM-normalized DTT Activity for biodiesel exhaust PM.

B0

B0 Diesel Exhaust Vermont

New nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts rival platinum on a weight basis; diesel emissions treatment

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2017

A development in catalysis research by academics at the Universities of St Andrews and Newcastle could lead to new systems to treat diesel emissions. Catalysts are typically metallic nanoparticles—often platinum group metals—that are finely deposited upon a substrate. Dragos Neagu, Evangelos I. Papaioannou, Wan K.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Concept

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

the criteria pollutants and CO 2 that emerge with the exhaust from the tailpipe. However, there is more than 15 years of research showing that the contribution of non-exhaust primary particles to the total traffic generated primary particles is significant in urban areas. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. Background.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric

Limitations on diesel-ignited propane duel fuel combustion in heavy-duty diesel engine

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

A team at Mississippi State University performed a detailed experimental analysis of diesel–ignited propane dual fuel combustion on a 12.9-liter, liter, six-cylinder, production heavy-duty diesel engine. The gaseous propane was fumigated upstream of the turbocharger air inlet and ignited using direct injection of diesel sprays.

Diesel

Diesel Engine Chad Fuel

NUS-led study: beltway to divert diesel trucks in São Paulo improved air quality and public health

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2018

A study by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the University of São Paulo revealed that a beltway constructed to divert heavy-duty diesel vehicles traffic in the Brazilian city of São Paulo improved air quality and public health in the city. —He et al.

Diesel

Diesel Singapore Pollution London

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. Kleeman (2008) “Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles,”. Jakober, 2008). CFT had 16.5–44.1% —Hao et al. 2014.05.025.

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Study finds total PM10 emissions from EVs equal to those of modern ICEVs; role of weight and non-exhaust PM

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2016

A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). mg/vkm for diesel cars.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Gasoline-Electric 2016

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2016

A team from the University of Vaasa (Finland) and UPM-Kymmene Corporation has examined how the blends of fossil and renewable diesel produced from crude tall oil (CTO) affect the performance and exhaust emissions of the modern common-rail off-road diesel engine. Earlier post.). Neat HB was also studied.

Renewable

Renewable Diesel Oil Engine

New study finds that ship emissions from HFO and diesel adversely affect pulmonary macrophages

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2016

A study by European researchers has found that ship emissions from the combustion of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel fuel (DF) have adverse effects on pulmonary macrophages, from increased cell death to altered metabolic profile, depending upon the aerosol component. Their open access paper is published in the journal PLOS ONE.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Oil

Study investigates impact of operating conditions and load on soot particle number distribution for diesel and biodiesel

Green Car Congress

JULY 27, 2013

Among the findings they reported in their paper in the journal Fuel was that under most of the engine operating conditions examined, RME emitted lower soot particle concentration than diesel under both nucleation and accumulation modes. Diesel engines are widely used owing to their high thermal efficiency and low fuel consumption.

Diesel

Diesel Exhaust Engine Emissions

UBC researchers find life-cycle GHG benefits of LNG in marine shipping only from high-pressure dual-fuel engines in ocean-going vessels

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2019

A life-cycle assessment of emissions from domestic and imported liquefied natural gas (LNG), and heavy-fuel oil (HFO) for marine shipping by a team from the University of British Columbia has found that only high-pressure dual-fuel (HPDF) engines robustly reduce well-to-wake GHG emissions by 10% compared with their HFO-fueled counterparts.

Mariner

Mariner Engine Fuel Exhaust

Chalmers study: ban on sales of fossil-fuel cars greatly reduces lifecycle GHG mainly due to tailpipe emissions; risk of carbon leakage in manufacturing

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2021

If a ban were introduced on the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars, and they were replaced by electric cars, the result would be a significant reduction in lifecycle carbon dioxide emissions primarily due to reduced tailpipe CO 2 emissions, according to a new lifecycle study by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.

Emissions

Emissions Carbon Manufacturer Sale

Researchers propose low-temperature SOFC unit for reducing NOx and oxidizing HCs in lean-burn engine exhaust

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2012

A team from National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, reports that a low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) emissions control system for lean-burn engines can simultaneously reduce the high concentrations of NO x and oxidize hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Concept of the SOFC emissions control system. Credit: ACS, Huang et al.

Exhaust

Exhaust Engine Emissions Gas-Electric

Researchers combine plasma-assisted nitrogen oxidation and lean NOx trap technology for ammonia production

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2020

A team from KU Leuven and the University of Antwerp in Belgium has developed a new process that is suitable for the distributed, small-scale production of “green” ammonia. assisted nitrogen oxidation and lean NOx trap technology, adopted from diesel?engine engine exhaust gas aftertreatment technology. . —Hollevoet et al.

Production

Production Exhaust Gas-Electric Belgium

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2012

Diesel engine torque output as a function of the engine speed (rpm) for the tested fuels. Each fuel was then used to operate a two-cylinder indirect injection diesel engine attached to an eddy current dynamometer. In engine testing, diesel #2 delivered the highest power output (8.5 of the value obtained for diesel #2.

Diesel

Diesel Oil Fuel Exhaust

2nd Law analysis of LTC diesel engine

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2012

Jerald Caton and PhD candidate Junnian Zheng of Texas A&M University report on their use of an engine cycle simulation to evaluate the energy and exergy distribution of various processes in a low temperature combustion (LTC) diesel engine in a paper published in the journal Energy. Junnian Zheng, Jerald A. 2011.12.034.

Diesel

Diesel Engine Exhaust Texas

New split-cycle concept to control diesel HCCI combustion

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

A team from Universita degli Studi di Pisa (Italy) and Rolf Reitz at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are proposing a novel combustion concept—Homogenous Charge Progressive Combustion (HCPC)—based on a split-cycle principle to control HCCI combustion in diesel-fueled engines. —Musu et al. Tamagna, D., Gentili, R.

Concept

Concept Diesel San Diego 2010

Cummins progressing with lightweight downsized T2B2 diesel for pickup; 40% improvement in fuel economy over gasoline V8

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2014

The approach that Cummins and partners have taken features: Replacing the aluminium V8 gasoline engine and emission control system with smaller diesel (2.8-liter) diesel weighs 362 lbs (164 kg), while the ECS weighs 152 lbs (69 kg). Exhaust system configuration. Diesel Emissions Engines Fuel Efficiency' Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Downsizing

EPA Awards $5.6M to Spur New Clean Diesel Technologies

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2010

million for emerging technologies projects as part of a summer-long roll-out of $120 million in clean diesel grants. The awards will provide opportunities to advance new technologies in the marketplace, and support both environmental innovation and green jobs to reduce diesel emissions. Diesel engines emit approximately 7.3

EPA

EPA Clean Cleaning Diesel

DLR team develops demonstrator of free-piston linear generator as range extender for EVs; technology transfer to Universal Motor Corp.

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2013

As one example, GM Global Technology Operations LLC and the Regents of the University of Michigan recently were recently awarded a US patent (Nº 8,261,860) for a plug-in series hybrid or range-extended electric vehicle powertrain using multiple free piston linear alternator (FPLA) engines. Intake, exhaust and fuel injection.

Universal

Universal Range Motor Motors

Study finds biodiesel blend reduces total particle mass in emissions but may have greater adverse health effect per mass than diesel

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2013

liter Volkswagen light-duty diesel engine and Klam dynamometer running at various throttle and brake settings over a 9-mode steady-state cycle to enable triplicate time-resolved measurement of particle number distributions with a scanning mobility particle sizer. In the experiments, they used a 4-cylinder, 1.9-liter

B0

B0 Diesel Emissions Exhaust

Two-year study in Canada finds large trucks disproportionately contribute to higher levels of black carbon pollution

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2018

A two-year study led by researchers at the University of Toronto has found large trucks to be the greatest contributors to black carbon emissions close to major roadways. Black carbon—commonly called soot—is a marker for exposure to diesel exhaust which is known to have negative health effects. Jonathan M.

Pollution

Pollution Canada Carbon Climate Change

UCLA, ARB, WVU measure on-road particle numbers for heavy-duty diesel and CNG trucks in California

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2017

In a new study, a team from UCLA, with colleagues from the California Air Resources Board (ARB) and West Virginia University, measured total particle number emission factors (PNEFs) from six newly certified heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) powered by diesel and CNG totaling over 6,800 miles of on-road operation in California.

Diesel

Diesel California West Virginia Virginia

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

Scientists around Professor Thomas Münzel, Director of Cardiology I at the Department of Cardiology at the Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), reviewed the mechanisms responsible for vascular damage from air pollution together with scientists from the UK and the US. —Professor Jos Lelieveld.

Pollution

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland

UW Madison team investigates cycle-to-cycle combustion instability in HCCI and RCCI

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2014

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have used computational fluid dynamics modeling to investigate cycle-to-cycle instability of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines—two approaches to low-temperature combustion.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Exhaust Diesel Gas

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Click to enlarge.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal

Study links exposure to diesel exhaust particles to pneumococcal disease susceptibility

Japan, China researchers develop plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces zero-NO2, -SO2 diesel exhaust

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Researchers show mechanism by which diesel exhaust particles trigger respiratory “flare-ups”

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

York, Empa study finds retrofitting of VW diesel engines was successful

Study identifies combustion-derived nanoparticles in diesel exhaust as the predominant mediator for adverse cardiovascular events

New mixed-oxide catalysts shown as viable substitute for platinum catalysts for diesel exhaust aftertreatment

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

UBC study associates exposure to diesel exhaust with changes in DNA methylation

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

U Birmingham study finds DPFs have limited impact on ultrafine particle emissions

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Study finds PM from biodiesel blends may be 50-80% less toxic per unit PM mass than from petroleum diesel

New nanostructured earth abundant metal catalysts rival platinum on a weight basis; diesel emissions treatment

The importance of considering non-exhaust traffic emissions; the role of EVs

Limitations on diesel-ignited propane duel fuel combustion in heavy-duty diesel engine

NUS-led study: beltway to divert diesel trucks in São Paulo improved air quality and public health

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Study finds total PM10 emissions from EVs equal to those of modern ICEVs; role of weight and non-exhaust PM

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

New study finds that ship emissions from HFO and diesel adversely affect pulmonary macrophages

Study investigates impact of operating conditions and load on soot particle number distribution for diesel and biodiesel

UBC researchers find life-cycle GHG benefits of LNG in marine shipping only from high-pressure dual-fuel engines in ocean-going vessels

Chalmers study: ban on sales of fossil-fuel cars greatly reduces lifecycle GHG mainly due to tailpipe emissions; risk of carbon leakage in manufacturing

Researchers propose low-temperature SOFC unit for reducing NOx and oxidizing HCs in lean-burn engine exhaust

Researchers combine plasma-assisted nitrogen oxidation and lean NOx trap technology for ammonia production

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

2nd Law analysis of LTC diesel engine

New split-cycle concept to control diesel HCCI combustion

Cummins progressing with lightweight downsized T2B2 diesel for pickup; 40% improvement in fuel economy over gasoline V8

EPA Awards $5.6M to Spur New Clean Diesel Technologies

DLR team develops demonstrator of free-piston linear generator as range extender for EVs; technology transfer to Universal Motor Corp.

Study finds biodiesel blend reduces total particle mass in emissions but may have greater adverse health effect per mass than diesel

Two-year study in Canada finds large trucks disproportionately contribute to higher levels of black carbon pollution

UCLA, ARB, WVU measure on-road particle numbers for heavy-duty diesel and CNG trucks in California

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

UW Madison team investigates cycle-to-cycle combustion instability in HCCI and RCCI

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

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