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of the human-made climate impact; two-thirds of this impact are caused by emissions other than CO 2 , according to a new study by researchers in Europe and the US. Schematic overview of the processes by which aviation emissions and increased cirrus cloudiness affect the climate system. Aviation accounts for 3.5% —Lee et al.
Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Significant climate anomalies 2008/2009. Source: ClimateChange Compendium. Ocean acidification caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater is already increasing along the California coast decades earlier than existing models predict. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
The climatechange benefit is estimated for 2050 and human health and crop benefits are for 2030 and beyond. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climatechange. Click to enlarge. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7
The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.
Current emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) have already committed the planet to an increase in average surface temperature by the end of the century that may be above the critical threshold for tipping elements of the climate system into abrupt change with potentially irreversible and unmanageable consequences, the authors write.
Schematic diagram of the trade-offs between the implications for regional air quality and global climatechange of new policies for management of the atmosphere. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs. Source: NOAA. Click to enlarge.
The study will appear next month in the peer-reviewed journal ClimaticChange Letters. The study will appear next month in the peer-reviewed journal ClimaticChange Letters. Relying more on natural gas would reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, but it would do little to help solve the climate problem.
the final version of the proposed First Update to the ClimateChange Scoping Plan (First Update). Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released. The draft version was released in February.
The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). The contribution of HFCs to climate forcing is currently less than 1% of all greenhouse gases.
A new study by led by Nadine Unger at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) that analyzes the net climate impacts of emissions from economic sectors rather than by individual chemical species has found that on-road transportatation is and will be the greatest net contributor to atmospheric warming now and in the near term.
The research performed by scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center shows that a 25% and 15% increase in the albedos of roofs and pavements, respectively, in urban areas, could lead to an offset of approximately 57 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.
Extraordinarily cold temperatures in the stratosphere during the winter of 2010/2011 caused the most massive destruction of the ozone layer above the Arctic so far, according to a study by climate researchers at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). These chemical conversion products attack the ozone layer and destroy it partly.
In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. Methane’s GWP may also change with time as air quality regulations alter the background state of tropospheric chemistry.
Although viewed as a potential target in the global effort to reduce climatechange, atmospheric black carbon particles absorb significantly less sunlight than scientists have predicted, according to a new study by an international team of researchers, published in the journal Science. —Cappa et al.
From: Geoengineering the Climate (2009) Click to enlarge. Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., Unless emissions of carbon dioxide can be greatly reduced—i.e., Geoengineering is defined as the deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system in order to moderate global warming.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has submitted its final Report to Congress on Black Carbon , in response to an October 2009 request from Congress to advance efforts to understand the role of black carbon (BC) in climatechange. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).
A side event organized by the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) at the COP-15 United Nations ClimateChange Conference in Copenhagen will highlight nitrogen’s role in climatechange. This massive alteration of the nitrogen cycle affects climate, food security, energy security, human health and ecosystem health.
The human health benefits associated with improvements in air quality related to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions improvements can offset 26–1,050% of the cost of US carbon policies, depending upon the type of policy, according to a new study by a team from MIT. Carbon-reduction policies significantly improve air quality.
Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge.
Shipping-induced global temperature change in 2050 using different parameterizations of Indirect Aerosol Effect (IAE). A recent study by an international team calculated that shipping causes a net cooling of climate across all parametrizations of the indirect aerosol effect (IAE) and scenarios throughout the period 1900?2050.
At 2:56 AM PST today, NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) was successfully launched into orbit from Space Complex 2 West at California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base, riding on a two-stage Delta II 7320-10 launch vehicle. by Jack Rosebro. This measurement is unique like a fingerprint, and can be used for identification.
CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,
The researchers believe the measurements will substantially impact the understanding of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms—in particular, in the more rapid formation of secondary aerosols, important in the formation of local smog as well as in global climatechange. Carl Percival. —Welz et al. —Marston (2012).
Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 Click to enlarge.
The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. Climate protection from the Montreal and Kyoto protocols. Source: IGSD. Click to enlarge.
An international team examining the total warming impact of 25 major synthetic greenhouse gases (SGHGs) has concluded that without additional limits on SGHG use, the resulting increase in warming could outweigh the climate benefits gained thus far from phasing down chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
On the first day of a two-day board meeting—the second day of which (Friday 24 March) will consider the Advanced Clean Cars Midterm Review—the California Air Resources Board (ARB) took a number of climate and air quality actions. emissions by more than 20%. emissions by more than 20%.
While they do not deplete the ozone layer, many are highly potent greenhouse gases. Their use is growing rapidly as replacements for ozone-depleting substances that are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
A new study comparing both the absolute and normalized climate impacts of current passenger and freight transportation finds that driving a car increases global temperatures in the long run more than making the same long-distance journey by air.
The US reached separate agreements with the G-20 and with China to address the rapid growth in the use and release of climate-damaging hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Left unabated, HFC emissions could grow to nearly 20% of carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, a serious climate mitigation concern.
Markey of the Energy and Environment Subcommittee on Tuesday released a draft of far-reaching energy and climate legislation that targets job creation, promotes renewables and energy efficiency, and places limits on emissions of greenhouse gases. Carbon Capture and Sequestration. Clean Fuels and Vehicles.
The proposed cause or contribute finding concludes that that the combined emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, and HFCs from new motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines contribute to the atmospheric concentrations of these key greenhouse gases and hence to the threat of climatechange.
The leaders of the world have just returned from the UN's latest climatechange summit, COP26 , in which the countries that have signed on to the Paris Agreement upped their commitments to fight climatechange. C by the year 2100 , according to Climate Action Tracker. C above pre-industrial levels.
GWP100 weighted specific climate impact (g CO 2 -eq per pkm) as a function of vehicle occupancy. A team from Austria and Norway has found that the climate impact from a long-distance trip (500–1,000 km, or 310–621 miles) can easily vary by a factor of 10 per passenger depending on mode choice, vehicle efficiency, and occupancy.
The on-road transportation (ORT) and power generation (PG) sectors are major contributors to CO 2 emissions and a host of short-lived radiatively-active air pollutants, including tropospheric ozone and fine aerosol particles, that exert complex influences on global climate. Unger et al. Click to enlarge. Unger et al.
California’s latest greenhouse gas data shows that while the state continues to stay below its 2020 target for emissions, there is much more work to do to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. All these climate programs have considerably more stringent emissions reduction targets starting in 2021. tons per person to 10.7
US Congressman Scott Peters (CA-52) introduced the Super Pollutant Emissions Reduction Act (SUPER Act) of 2013, legislation aimed at combating short-lived climate pollutants, which are only somewhat addressed by disparate government programs.
The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S.
The data are updated monthly from analyses of air measurements at Cape Grim, which, under baseline conditions, experiences some of the cleanest air in the world and accurately reflects global changes in greenhouse gases. Data for the synthetic greenhouse and ozone depleting gases, such as CFCs, also are available. per cent each year.
The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants. Click to enlarge.
That’s three times the amount estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC). Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climatechange and stratospheric ozone destruction.
The BAU scenario assumes no further implementing legislation to prevent additional climatechange and growing air pollution, other than what is in place for the base year 2005. Northern India and the Arabian Gulf region, on the other hand, will suffer a marked increase in ozone levels.
eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.
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