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pollution is falling, harmful ground-level ozone pollution is on the rise, especially in large cities. Ozone is the main ingredient in smog and has been studied since it began choking cities in the US in the early 1950s. There was so much particulate matter in Chinese cities that it stunted the ozone production. Ke Li, Daniel J.
Levels of two major air pollutants have been reduced significantly since lockdowns began in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but a secondary pollutant—ground-level ozone—has increased in China, according to new research. Ozone is harmful to humans at ground-level, causing pulmonary and heart disease. —Guy Brasseur.
In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. 2017 are included.
Exposure to ozone, long associated with impaired lung function, is also connected to health changes that can cause cardiovascular disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, according to a new study of Chinese adults. The findings associated ozone exposure with markers of platelet activation and increased blood pressure.
CSIRO scientists have developed a new way to account for ozone in computer simulations of the climate. This latest modeling shows that the oceans take much less ozone out of the atmosphere than previously thought. Ozone (O 3 ) is formed by reactions of chemicals such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds—i.e.,
In 2017, emissions from GHG emitting activities statewide were 424 million metric tons of CO 2 equivalent (MMTCO 2 e), 5 MMTCO 2 e lower than 2016 levels and 7 MMTCO 2 e below the 2020 GHG Limit of 431 MMTCO 2 e. Changes in emissions by Scoping Plan sector between 2000 and 2017. MMTCO 2 e (6%) from 2013 to 2017. Source: ARB.
The California Air Resources Board released GHG emissions data for 2018 showing that emissions remain below 1990 levels but are effectively flat compared to 2017, while the economy grew by 4.3%. million metric tons in 2017. million metric tons between 2017 and 2018, the first such decline since 2013. tons per person to 10.7
Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.
A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al.
The transport and transformation of plumes from selected European and Asian major population centers (MPCs) will now be investigated with special focus on the rate of formation of ozone and aerosols. The HALO research aircraft is a joint initiative of German environmental and climate research institutions.
This is in contrast to the conventional mobile AC system, where the cabin air is directly cooled by the refrigerant HFC-134a, which is ozone safe but has a high GWP. The new SL-MAC system, which is testing the low-GWP refrigerants, is expected to increase vehicle energy efficiency. Andersen, S., Chowdhury, S., Andersen, S., Chowdhury, S.,
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has posted a revised draft of California’s proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) Strategy. SLCPs may account for an estimated 40% of global warming, increasing the impacts of climate change. —“Revised Proposed Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy”.
Having approval for such a high octane certification fuel would, the EPA proposed in the Tier 3 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: help manufacturers that wish to raise compression ratios to improve vehicle efficiency, as a step toward complying with the 2017 and later light-duty greenhouse gas and CAFE standards (2017 LD GHG).
Percent reduction in visible solar energy due to ambient PM (plus a small contribution from ozone) (A), only dust PM deposition (B) deposition of all PM components (C), and atmospheric and deposited combined (D; note change in scale). Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. —Michael Bergin. 7b00197.
Funding priorities through the ARFVT Program support fuel and vehicle development to help attain the state’s climate change policies. An estimated 68 stations are needed to support the anticipated rollout of these vehicles in 2015-2017. million ZEVs on the state’s roads. 20 million for hydrogen fueling infrastructure.
Two maps compare total annual sulfur dioxide amounts for India and China during 2005 (left) and 2016 based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument measurements. Illustration: Chris McLinden, Environment and Climate Change Canada. Purple depicts the highest concentrations while white depicts the lowest. Click to enlarge.
Among the findings of the report, “HFC-134a phase-out in the Chinese light-duty motor vehicle sector”, was that, considering the social cost of CO 2 e, up to 1 trillion RMB in costs (US$150 billion) required to address climate change could be avoided through 2050 by transitioning to low-GWP alternative MACs. relative to HFC-134a and 98.6%
The update identifies eight key sectors for ongoing action: Energy; Transportation, fuels, land use and infrastructure; Agriculture; Water; Waste management; Natural lands; Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (such as methane and black carbon); and Green Buildings. —Draft Scoping Plan Update. Vehicle technology.
Daven Henze, an associate professor of mechanical engineering at CU Boulder, used computer modeling and NASA satellite data to simulate how particulate matter and ozone levels are, and will be, impacted by excess NOx levels in specific locations. The team then computed the impacts on health, crops and climate.
Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? Research takes a long time.
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