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From 2011 to 2015, California experienced its worst drought on record, with a parching combination of high temperatures and low precipitation. Although ozone in the stratosphere protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation, at ground level the molecule is a harmful air pollutant to humans, animals and plants.
The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.
Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.
Some of the substitutes for ozone-damaging chemicals that being phased out worldwide under international agreements are themselves potent greenhouse gases and contribute to warming. Burkholder (2015) “An atmospheric photochemical source of the persistent greenhouse gas CF4” Geophysical Research Letters doi: 10.1002/2015GL066193.
has deployed 23 compressed natural gas (CNG) solid waste and recycling trucks to serve customers throughout the Twin Cities area. Republic operates a fleet of more than 1,400 CNG vehicles and 26 natural gas fueling stations nationwide. Natural gas fueling stations enable CNG trucks to fuel during non-peak hours.
The California Air Resources Board released its proposed greenhouse gas cap-and-trade regulation. A key part of ARB’s AB 32 Scoping Plan ( earlier post ), the cap-and-trade program provides an overall limit on the emissions from sources responsible for 85% of California’s greenhouse gas emissions. Offset Protocols.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its latest set of proposed standards to reduce emissions of methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the oil and natural gas industry. The proposal also includes incentives to spur the oil and gas industry to minimize leaks.
Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. This gas has very few industrial applications.
The study, based on data from 2010 to 2015, estimates that 64% of these new cases of asthma occur in urban areas. NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. —Susan Anenberg.
The program funds projects to encourage the development and use of new technologies and alternative and renewable fuels, including electricity, natural gas, biomethane, hydrogen, and gasoline and diesel substitutes, such as cellulosic ethanol (derived from woody materials, including agricultural waste), and biodiesel from waste grease.
The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London. 15, 9983-9996, doi: 10.5194/acp-15-9983-2015. —Dunmore et al. Hopkins, J.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere surged at a record-breaking speed in 2016 to the highest level in 800,000 years, according to the World Meteorological Organization’s Greenhouse Gas Bulletin. ppm in 2015 because of a combination of human activities and a strong El Niño event. ppm in 2015.
The regulation will cover 360 businesses representing 600 facilities and is divided into two broad phases: an initial phase beginning in 2012 that will include all major industrial sources along with utilities; and, a second phase that starts in 2015 and brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels.
The California Air Resources Board on Thursday adopted the final greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cap-and-trade regulation. Compliance obligations for greenhouse gas emissions begins 1 January 2013. the second, starting in 2015, brings in distributors of transportation fuels, natural gas and other fuels. Earlier post.)
Widespread adoption of electric transportation, including electrification in the off-road sector, could lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could modestly improve air quality, according to a new analysis released by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).
Since epichlorohydrin offers exceptional oil resistance, heat resistance, heat aging resistance, ozone resistance, and gas permeability, it is currently commonly used as a key compound in the production of rubber for components such as hoses. Engine and drive system hoses require a particularly high level of oil and heat resistance.
The program, established in 2015, unites DOE’s supercomputing capabilities and expertise with American manufacturers to optimize production processes, enhance product quality and speed up design and testing cycles while decreasing energy consumption. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has awarded nearly $3.8 VAST Power Systems, Inc.
The move to reduce the number of polluting trucks on the road integrates with a series of other measures to reduce vehicular air pollution in Haifa Bay, such as the massive installation of vapor recovery systems in gas stations, the move to convert buses and garbage trucks to natural gas, and more.
That study provided estimates of vessel traffic (numbers of vessels and transits) based on modeling of current vessel activity patterns, growth potential, and vessel projection scenarios, including diversion from other routes, and oil and gas development. —Azzara and Rutherford, ICCT Working Paper 2015-1. Earlier post.).
Accelerating the introduction of cleaner new Tier 4 interstate line-haul locomotives to operate in California and other western states (2015-2025). BNSF has been operating four liquefied natural gas yard locomotives in downtown Los Angeles since the mid-1990s. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog.
The approach described is designed to meet simultaneously federal air quality standards; achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction targets; reduce petroleum consumption; and decrease health risk from transportation sources through 2030. Prior to the Board meeting, staff will hold a public workshop on 16 October 2015.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) jointly released the finalized Phase 2 greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks.
In light of this situation, there's increasing talk of actions that governments can take beyond reducing greenhouse gas emissions—actions that could either remove existing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or reduce the amount of sunlight coming into the atmosphere. In 2015, the U.S. What do we have to offer these billion people?
The achievement of this goal should be extended from 2015 to 2020 in order to have sufficient time to carry out R&D on this stretch goal. California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a new review of the Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA established the current standards at a level of 70 parts per billion in 2015 and retained them in 2020, after concluding that there was little new information to suggest the need for revision.
Daily exposure to ground level ozone in cities worldwide is associated with an increased risk of death, according to the largest study of its kind, published in an open-access paper in The BMJ. Ground level ozone is a highly reactive gas commonly found in urban and suburban environments, formed when pollutants react in sunlight.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued final updates to its 2012 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) performance standards for storage tanks used in crude oil and natural gas production and transmission. tanks that came online before 12 April 2013 are likely to have lower emissions and must control VOC emissions by 15 April 2015.
In October 2007, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed AB 118 which provides approximately $200 million annually through 2015 to the California Energy Commission, the Bureau of Automotive Repair and the ARB to fund air quality improvement projects that will accelerate clean engine technologies. ARB was appropriated approximately $42.3
The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. In addition, fuels will come under California’s Cap-and-Trade Program in 2015.
in collaboration with scientists at the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI); University of Colorado; and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, assessed 30 studies of vehicle emissions under real-world driving conditions in 11 major vehicle markets representing 80% of new diesel vehicle sales in 2015.
20 % of stations registered concentrations above the EU ozone (O 3 ) target value for the protection of human health. Poor air quality continues to damage Europeans’ health, especially in urban areas, with particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and ground-level ozone (0 3 ) causing the largest harm.
Low-input cultivation of perennial plants, e.g. from short-rotation forestry and grasslands, may be an effective source of cellulosic biomass and provide environmental benefits (reduced pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions). However very few studies include water use impacts. Ravindranath et al. Nitrogen effects: N 2 O and run-off.
In 2014, Volkswagen of America announced that starting with the launch of the zero-tailpipe emissions battery-electric 2015 e-Golf ( earlier post ), it would invest in projects to offset the carbon emissions created from the e-Golf on a full lifecycle basis: production, distribution and up to approximately 36,000 miles (57,936 km) of driving.
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