Toyota implements Atkinson cycle in non-hybrid ESTEC engine; up to 38% thermal efficiency and improved fuel economy
Green Car Congress
JUNE 20, 2014
liter ESTEC (Economy with Superior Thermal Efficient Combustion) in-line 4-cylinder Gasoline Engine (1NR-FKE). Improving the vehicle fuel economy is a must due to the climate change and energy issues. 1 and water-cooled EGR. with thermal efficiency of up to 38%—equivalent to the engines in hybrids. Yamada et al.
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