Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2013

As with its predecessor legislation, the MAP-21 provides funding to areas in non-attainment or maintenance for ozone, carbon monoxide, and/or particulate matter.

Colorado 250

Colorado Fuel Oklahoma Ozone 250

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Pollution 357

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

The researchers analyzed extensive satellite and ground-based measurements of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. They found that levels of pollutants that can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, or smog, have failed to continue a fairly steady decline as estimated by the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Emissions 150

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. Between 2005 and 2014, the Bakken’s oil production jumped by a factor of 3,500, and its gas production by 180.

Ozone 150

Ozone Global Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2020

HFC-23 is a very potent greenhouse gas, with one tonne of its emissions being equivalent to the release of more than 12,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide. However, levels have been soaring because it is vented to the atmosphere during the production of another chemical widely used in cooling systems in developing countries.

Emissions 199

Emissions Ozone India 2017 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Mikhail Chester and Arpad Horvath inventoried on-road, rail, and air travel to determine energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and criteria air pollutant (CAP) emissions (excluding PM, lead, and ozone due to lack of data).

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

These were shown to be ozone-depleting, however, and were targeted for phasing out under the 1987 Montreal Protocol. However, HFC-134a, while having zero ozone-depletion potential, has a very high global warming potential—more than 1,500 times as much warming as an equivalent amount of CO 2. Cambridge University Press.

China 150

China Ozone Fuel Economy United States 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

In 2005, Congress enacted the Renewable Fuel Standard as part of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) and amended it in the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA). Such land conversion may disrupt any future potential for storing carbon in biomass and soil. Economic effects. Barriers and opportunities.

Renewable 252

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Fuel 252

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

In their extensive analysis of the physical and chemical composition of the emissions, McDonald and colleagues found that the most abundant pollutants were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, NO, and NO 2.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007 150

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 18, 2024

In 2004, the Centralina region (the Greater Charlotte metro area, which straddles the North CarolinaSouth Carolina border) was designated as a non-attainment area for ozone under the Clean Air Act. The area stood to lose billions of dollars of federal funding for a wide variety of projects if the areas air quality didnt improve.

Charlotte 102

Charlotte Hydrogen IDEA Diesel 102

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

Since WHO’s last 2005 global update, there has been a marked increase of evidence that shows how air pollution affects different aspects of health. Recommended 2021 AQG levels compared to 2005 air quality guidelines. When action is taken on these classical pollutants—particulate matter (PM), ozone (O?), Source: WHO.

Pollution 435

Pollution Global 2005 Ozone 435

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

1,000 to 21,000) deaths due to changes in ozone concentrations. 900 to 11,000) ozone-related early deaths per year. 300 to 4,000) ozone-related premature mortalities per year. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study. 53,000 (90% CI: 24,000–95,000) PM 2.5 related premature deaths and ?5,000

MIT 378

MIT Emissions Ozone Powered 378

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2014

The 2005 “WHO Air quality guidelines” offer global guidance on thresholds and limits for key air pollutants that pose health risks. The major components of PM are sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. Ozone is a major factor in asthma morbidity and mortality. WHO PM Guideline Values.

Pollution 358

Pollution Global Ozone 2012 358