EPA, Exhaust and Standards

Achates opposed-piston 3-cylinder 10.6L diesel emissions meet 2027 EPA, CA requirements

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2020

opposed-piston heavy-duty diesel engine has achieved performance results that comply with pending 2027 requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California to reduce sharply emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). Achates Power’s innovative 3-cylinder, 10.6L Furthermore, the 10.6L

EPA

EPA Diesel Emissions San Diego

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

A team of University of California, Riverside Bourns College of Engineering students have won an EPA student design contest for developing an exhaust aftertreatment device that cuts CO, NO x and PM emissions from lawnmowers. Then, an ultra-fine spray of urea solution is dispersed into the exhaust stream for catalytic NO x reduction.

Exhaust

Exhaust EPA Design Gasoline

California ARB petitions US EPA for “Tier 5” stricter locomotive emissions standards

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2017

In an effort to accelerate the movement to zero- or near-zero emission locomotives, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) has petitioned the US EPA take action to adopt more stringent emission standards for locomotives. Top: Existing federal standards. Bottom: ARB’s proposed Tier 5 standard. Source: ARB. Source: ARB.

EPA

EPA Standards Emissions California

EPA grants waivers for California’s on-highway heavy-duty vehicle and engine emission standards

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2023

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is granting two waivers of preemption regarding four California Air Resource Board (CARB) regulations related to California’s heavy-duty vehicle and engine emission standards. CARB has asked EPA for additional time before the Agency acts on the waiver request for this regulation.

EPA

EPA Grant Standards Emissions

EPA Report: data show automakers on track in meeting Greenhouse Gas Standards after first year

Green Car Congress

APRIL 26, 2014

On Friday, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a Manufacturers Performance Report that assesses the automobile industry’s progress toward meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for cars and light trucks in the 2012 model year—the first year of the 14-year program.

Standards

Standards EPA Gas 2012

Eaton and Tenneco partner to produce new, integrated exhaust thermal management system to meet coming lower NOx standards

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2021

Power management company Eaton and Tenneco announced a joint development agreement between Eaton’s Vehicle Group and Tenneco’s Clean Air business group to produce an integrated exhaust thermal management system that will enable commercial truck and light vehicle manufacturers to meet upcoming emissions regulations.

Eaton

Eaton Exhaust Standards Emissions

SAE Publishes Revised J1711 Standard to Measure Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrids and Plug-in Hybrids

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

The new version supersedes the J1711 standard originally published in March 1999. Also, the list of standard test procedures addressed in SAE J1711 has been expanded to cover all five major test cycle procedures (UDDS, HFEDS, US06, SC03, and Cold FTP) now being used to evaluate vehicle fuel economy. Earlier post.) Earlier post.)

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Exhaust Plug-in Economy

EPA making $20M available for clean diesel projects

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued a Request for Proposals ( EPA-OAR-OTAQ-12-05 ) with up to $20 million in FY 2012 grant funding to establish clean diesel projects aimed at reducing pollution from the existing fleet of diesel engines. EPA will fund up to 100% of the cost of an eligible, verified idle reduction.

EPA

EPA Diesel Clean Cleaning

EPA Proposes to Streamline Approval Process for Fuel Conversion Systems

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to make it easier for manufacturers to gain approval to sell fuel conversion systems. Current EPA regulations require vehicle and engine conversion systems to be covered by a certificate of conformity to gain a regulatory exemption from potential tampering charges.

Conversion

Conversion EPA Fuel Clean Alternative

US EPA proposes San Joaquin Valley, South Coast, Southeast Desert as failing to meet one hour ozone air standard

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency announced that it is proposing to find that the San Joaquin Valley, and California’s South Coast and the Southeast Desert have failed to meet the 1-hour ozone standard by their required deadlines. The 1-hour ozone standard was superseded in 2005 by the health-based 8-hour ozone standard.

Ozone

Ozone EPA Standards Pollution

EPA report shows progress in reducing urban air toxics across US; 50% reduction from mobile sources since 1990

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2014

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the Second Integrated Urban Air Toxics Report to Congress—the final of two reports required under the Clean Air Act (CAA) to inform Congress of progress in reducing public health risks from urban air toxics (also referred to as hazardous air pollutants or HAPs).

EPA

EPA Congress Pollution Gasoline-Electric

2023 Toyota Crown coming to US with standard hybrid powertrain, Hybrid MAX option

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 26, 2022

The 2023 Toyota Crown for the US market is coming with standard AWD and the choice of two electrified powertrains: the standard Toyota Hybrid System (THS) or Hybrid MAX. Hybrid MAX produces powerful torque at low RPM for sporty, exhilarating driving and has an EPA-estimated 30 MPG combined city/highway fuel economy rating.

Hybrid

Hybrid Toyota Standards Motor

EPA proposing mercury rule for taconite iron ore processing plants

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2023

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing amendments to the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for taconite iron ore processing plants that include new emission standards for mercury as well as revising the existing emission standards for hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride.

Mercury

Mercury EPA Minnesota Exhaust

Cummins Begins Production of First EPA Tier 4 Interim Engines; Up to 5% Improved Fuel Efficiency

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 22, 2010

EPA Tier 4 Interim and EU Stage IIIB emissions standards and effect dates vary by power category. has begun production and supply of the first EPA Tier 4 Interim and EU Stage IIIB certified engines and aftertreatment for early installation by off-highway equipment customers. Source: Cummins. Click to enlarge. Cummins Inc.

EPA

EPA Engine Fuel Production

Chevrolet Cruze Eco achieves EPA-rated 42 mpg on highway

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 11, 2010

The non-hybrid 2011 Chevrolet Cruze Eco delivers an EPA-estimated 42 mpg on the highway (manual transmission models), with city fuel economy of 28 mpg. Aerodynamic improvements over non-Eco manual-transmission models contributed approximately six mpg to the Cruze’s EPA-estimated 42 mpg highway fuel economy. Aerodynamics. pounds (16.6

MPG

MPG EPA Chevrolet Altima Hybrid

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. Current 2010 USEPA emissions standards for NO x and PM are set at 0.20 The team used a MY 2007 Volvo MD11 engine compliant with USEPA 2007 emissions standards. Click to enlarge.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007

Mercedes-Benz 2014 E250 BlueTEC sedan estimated EPA rated at 45 mpg highway, 28 mpg city

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

The Mercedes-Benz 2014 E250 BlueTEC sedan, the first diesel E-Class to be available with 4MATIC, achieves an estimated EPA rating of 45 mpg US (5.2 No other diesel sedan offers a better EPA fuel economy highway estimate, Mercedes-Benz notes. l/100 km) on the highway and 28 mpg (8.4 l/100 km) in the city. l/100 km) in the city.

MPG

MPG 2014 Mercedes EPA

EPA selects AVL for automotive emissions testing initiative

Green Car Congress

MARCH 24, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has awarded AVL a contract for automotive emissions testing to take place at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (NVFEL) in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

EPA

EPA Emissions Exhaust Michigan

Case To Use SCR and Cooled EGR to Meet Tier 4 Standards

Green Car Congress

MARCH 13, 2010

Case Construction Equipment, part of the Fiat Group, will use two distinct technologies—cooled exhaust gas recirculation (CEGR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR)—to address US EPA Tier 4 interim standards across its product line, which includes more than 90 equipment models, ranging from 11.3 hp) to 397 kW (532 hp).

Standards

Standards Exhaust Diesel Maintenance

EPA updates rules to ease commercialization of alternative fuel conversion systems

Green Car Congress

MARCH 30, 2011

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has updated rules making it easier for manufacturers to sell fuel conversion systems—i.e., Previous EPA regulations required vehicle and engine conversion systems to be covered by a certificate of conformity to gain a regulatory exemption from potential tampering charges.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Conversion EPA Fuel

EPA proposes approval of new ozone plans for the two of the worst Air Quality Zones in US: California’s San Joaquin Valley and South Coast

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2011

US EPA Region 9 8-hour ozone trends, 1979-2000. Source: EPA. These State Implementation Plans (SIPs) are the roadmaps to meeting the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 0.08 In 1997, EPA first established the 8-hour ozone standard, which replaced the older 1-hour ozone standard (0.12

Ozone

Ozone EPA Pollution 2002

Detroit Diesel to pay $28.5M to settle MY 2010 diesel emissions complaint from EPA and DOJ

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2016

million in a settlement with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Justice (DOJ) to resolve alleged violations of the Clean Air Act for selling heavy-duty diesel engines that were not certified by EPA and did not meet applicable emission standards. Detroit Diesel will pay $28.5

Detroit

Detroit 2010 Diesel EPA

EPA to begin work on proposed rulemaking for on-road heavy-duty ultra-low NOx standard for MY 2024

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2016

Earlier this year, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received several petitions from state and local government agencies from across the country and other organizations to increase the stringency of the on-highway heavy-duty engine NO x emission standards from 0.2 —EPA memorandum in response to petitions.

EPA

EPA Standards Ozone 2000

EPA Using OpenECU from Pi Shurlok in Engine and Hybrid Development Programs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been using Pi Shurlok ’s OpenECU M460 and G850 control modules for the past year to support technology development programs in the areas of Advanced Engine Control and Hybrid Vehicle Powertrain Control.

EPA

EPA Engine Aston Martin Hybrid

EPA Proposes New Emissions Standards For Light & Heavy Duty Vehicles

CleanTechnica EVs

APRIL 13, 2023

New exhaust emissions rules from the EPA seek to dramatically lower carbon, particulate, and nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles.

EPA

EPA Emissions Light Standards

Eaton leverages cylinder deactivation and exhaust thermal management technologies to reduce commercial vehicle emissions

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2021

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Commission (EC) are slated for adoption in coming years. CDA technology can benefit vehicle manufacturers facing tightening emissions standards in Europe as well. New emissions regulations spearheaded by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), U.S.

Eaton

Eaton Emissions Commercial Exhaust

EPA Issues Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Lead Emissions from Leaded Aviation Gasoline, Seeks Public Comment

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2010

Source: EPA. EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). A fraction of lead is retained in the engine, engine oil and/or exhaust system, which EPA currently estimates at 5%. EPA estimates that approximately 14.6

EPA

EPA Gasoline Emissions 2008

J.D. Power and Associates study finds EPA emission-compliant heavy-duty engines yielding increase in engine problems, decline in satisfaction

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 23, 2012

Technology changes related to revised emissions standards for heavy-duty trucks are causing an increase in heavy-duty truck engine problems and a decrease in overall satisfaction with the powertrain, according to the JD Power and Associates 2012 US Heavy-Duty Truck Engine and Transmission Study. Caterpillar. Industry Average.

Engine

Engine EPA Emissions 2011

Ford study suggests GDI engines can meet coming California and US PM emissions standards over 150k miles; more work to be done

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2013

As reported in a paper in ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , the results showed that GDI technology has the potential to meet the upcoming California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 PM mass standard of 3 mg/mi (phasing in over MY2017?2021) Schematic diagram of test vehicle engine & exhaust system and PM sampling systems.

Standards

Standards Emissions Engine Miles

Environment Canada/MECA team assesses black carbon emissions in GDI engine exhaust; evaluation of prototype gasoline particulate filter

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2014

Solid bars represent low ambient temperature measurements whereas open, dashed bars represent standard temperature measurements. mg/mi at standard temperature to 4.3?4.5 mg/mi at standard temperature to 0.01?0.5 E10 was found to reduce BC emissions from the GDI vehicle by 15% at standard temperature and by 75% at 19 °F (?7

Environment

Environment Exhaust Gasoline Emissions

BMW introducing a 7 Series diesel model in US

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 24, 2014

US EPA fuel economy estimates are not yet available, however, other models equipped with this engine have seen a 25 – 30% improvement in fuel efficiency over their direct gasoline-powered counterparts. The system plays a significant role in the reduction of fuel consumption as well as exhaust emissions.

BMW

BMW Diesel Exhaust 2014

EPA Awards $2M to Small Businesses to Develop Sustainable Technologies; Includes Biofuel, Emissions Reduction Projects

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has awarded $2.38 emissions from small handheld tow-stroke engines have decreased in recent years as a result of EPA regulations on these engines. will have demonstrated the feasibility of a passive lean diesel exhaust after-treatment technology for nitrogen oxides abatement.

Emissions

Emissions EPA Waste Exhaust

EPA and ARB Present Proposals to Reconsider 2010 SCR Engine Certification Requirements

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2010

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have presented preliminary proposals aimed at closing compliance loopholes for medium- and heavy-duty diesel engines using SCR-based NO x emissions control systems for 2011 and later model years. This occurs during stop-and-go traffic.

2010

2010 EPA Engine Exhaust

GM introduces CNG bi-fuel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2012

The Silverado and Sierra will be available in standard and long box, with either two- or four-wheel drive. The Vortec engine features hardened exhaust valves and hardened intake and exhaust valve seats. This process makes ordering the bi-fuel option as seamless and efficient as a standard vehicle.

Sierra

Sierra Silverado GMC Chevrolet

Capstone Turbine C30 CNG microturbine certified to 2010 emissions requirements for on-road heavy duty diesel engines for urban buses

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 27, 2010

Capstone Turbine Corporation has released configurations of the C30 compressed natural gas (CNG) microturbine that meet or exceed emissions standards, including the US Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2010 requirements for On-Road Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (HDDE) for Urban Bus. Earlier post.)

2010

2010 Emissions Engine Diesel

EPA issues a second notice of violation to Volkswagen alleging emissions cheating in MY 2014-2016 3.0L diesels

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2015

EPA issued a second notice of violation ( NOV ) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) to Volkswagen AG, Audi AG and Volkswagen Group of America, Inc., liter engines for model years (MY) 2014 through 2016 that results in increased NO x emissions of up to nine times EPA’s standard. alleging emissions cheating. Earlier post.).

EPA

EPA 2016 2014 Emissions

Eberspaecher and China Yuchai subsidiary form JV for emission control systems for commercial vehicles

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2018

Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology International GmbH and China Yuchai International Limited will form a joint venture company: Eberspaecher Yuchai Exhaust Technology. The JV Company will produce and sell exhaust emission control systems for Chinese commercial vehicles to meet the highest domestic emission standard, China National 6.

Commercial

Commercial China Emissions Exhaust

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

The first study to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of lifetime exposure to new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE)—i.e., exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. Earlier post.) This phase was conducted at SwRI in 2012.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

GE Transportation wins first order for new marine diesel engine; 50% reduction in emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2013

GE Transportation announced the first sale of its new 12V250 Marine Diesel Engine that is designed to meet EPA Tier 4i and IMO Tier III Emissions standards. SCR requires the use of a diesel exhaust fluid, typically urea, to reduce NO x in an after-treatment of exhaust gas.

Mariner

Mariner Transportation Diesel Emissions

MECA report assesses technology feasibility for heavy-duty diesel trucks to meet lower NOx standards by 2024

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2019

The Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA) released a report assessing market-ready technologies being commercialized by suppliers of emission control and efficiency components for heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet lower intermediate standards for oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) by 2024 as a transition to final standards in 2027.

Standards

Standards Diesel 2019 Emissions

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

2010 engines emissions reduction relative to 2010, 2007, and 2004 US emission standards. earlier post ), found that emissions of NO 2 and other nitrogen oxides—which can have direct health effects and contribute to the formation of smog—were approximately 61% below the 2010 EPA standard and 99% lower than in 2004 engines.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions 2004 San Antonio

2016 Mazda CX-9 shows 32% improvement in EPA-estimated fuel economy over predecessor; SKYACTIV-G 2.5 turbo

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2016

Mazda North American Operations released EPA-estimated fuel economy figures for its all-new 2016 Mazda CX-9. is the first turbocharged engine with the ability to change the degree of exhaust pulsation depending on engine speed. Further assisting CX-9 to maximize turbocharger efficiency is a 4-3-1 exhaust. SKYACTIV-G 2.5T

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Mazda 2016 Economy

GE unveils prototype for first Tier 4 heavy-haul locomotive

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2012

GE expects that the locomotive will be the first in the industry to meet the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) stringent Tier 4 emission standards, which call for the single-largest emission reduction in the tiered program’s timeline.

Fort Worth

Fort Worth Exhaust North America Pennsylvania

Ford’s redesigned Transit Connect Wagon gets 1.5L EcoBlue diesel option in US

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2018

liter four-cylinder gasoline engine with direct injection with Auto Start-Stop as standard equipment, or the new 1.5-liter EcoBlue diesel to deliver an EPA-estimated fuel economy rating of at least 30 mpg (7.8 l/100 km) highway; final EPA 2019 Transit Connect Wagon 1.5-liter Ford is targeting the 1.5L

Transit Connect

Transit Connect Connected Connect Diesel

Achates opposed-piston 3-cylinder 10.6L diesel emissions meet 2027 EPA, CA requirements

UC Riverside team wins EPA design contest with lawnmower exhaust aftertreatment device

Trending Sources

California ARB petitions US EPA for “Tier 5” stricter locomotive emissions standards

EPA grants waivers for California’s on-highway heavy-duty vehicle and engine emission standards

EPA Report: data show automakers on track in meeting Greenhouse Gas Standards after first year

Eaton and Tenneco partner to produce new, integrated exhaust thermal management system to meet coming lower NOx standards

SAE Publishes Revised J1711 Standard to Measure Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrids and Plug-in Hybrids

EPA making $20M available for clean diesel projects

EPA Proposes to Streamline Approval Process for Fuel Conversion Systems

US EPA proposes San Joaquin Valley, South Coast, Southeast Desert as failing to meet one hour ozone air standard

EPA report shows progress in reducing urban air toxics across US; 50% reduction from mobile sources since 1990

2023 Toyota Crown coming to US with standard hybrid powertrain, Hybrid MAX option

EPA proposing mercury rule for taconite iron ore processing plants

Cummins Begins Production of First EPA Tier 4 Interim Engines; Up to 5% Improved Fuel Efficiency

Chevrolet Cruze Eco achieves EPA-rated 42 mpg on highway

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Mercedes-Benz 2014 E250 BlueTEC sedan estimated EPA rated at 45 mpg highway, 28 mpg city

EPA selects AVL for automotive emissions testing initiative

Case To Use SCR and Cooled EGR to Meet Tier 4 Standards

EPA updates rules to ease commercialization of alternative fuel conversion systems

EPA proposes approval of new ozone plans for the two of the worst Air Quality Zones in US: California’s San Joaquin Valley and South Coast

Detroit Diesel to pay $28.5M to settle MY 2010 diesel emissions complaint from EPA and DOJ

EPA to begin work on proposed rulemaking for on-road heavy-duty ultra-low NOx standard for MY 2024

EPA Using OpenECU from Pi Shurlok in Engine and Hybrid Development Programs

EPA Proposes New Emissions Standards For Light & Heavy Duty Vehicles

Eaton leverages cylinder deactivation and exhaust thermal management technologies to reduce commercial vehicle emissions

EPA Issues Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Lead Emissions from Leaded Aviation Gasoline, Seeks Public Comment

J.D. Power and Associates study finds EPA emission-compliant heavy-duty engines yielding increase in engine problems, decline in satisfaction

Ford study suggests GDI engines can meet coming California and US PM emissions standards over 150k miles; more work to be done

Environment Canada/MECA team assesses black carbon emissions in GDI engine exhaust; evaluation of prototype gasoline particulate filter

BMW introducing a 7 Series diesel model in US

EPA Awards $2M to Small Businesses to Develop Sustainable Technologies; Includes Biofuel, Emissions Reduction Projects

EPA and ARB Present Proposals to Reconsider 2010 SCR Engine Certification Requirements

GM introduces CNG bi-fuel Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups

Capstone Turbine C30 CNG microturbine certified to 2010 emissions requirements for on-road heavy duty diesel engines for urban buses

EPA issues a second notice of violation to Volkswagen alleging emissions cheating in MY 2014-2016 3.0L diesels

Eberspaecher and China Yuchai subsidiary form JV for emission control systems for commercial vehicles

HEI ACES study of lifetime animal exposure to New Technology Diesel Engine exhaust finds no lung cancer

GE Transportation wins first order for new marine diesel engine; 50% reduction in emissions

MECA report assesses technology feasibility for heavy-duty diesel trucks to meet lower NOx standards by 2024

CRC ACES Phase 2 report finds emissions from modern heavy-duty diesels well below required levels

2016 Mazda CX-9 shows 32% improvement in EPA-estimated fuel economy over predecessor; SKYACTIV-G 2.5 turbo

GE unveils prototype for first Tier 4 heavy-haul locomotive

Ford’s redesigned Transit Connect Wagon gets 1.5L EcoBlue diesel option in US

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