Cars, CO2, Gas-Electric and Gasoline-Electric

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

The Truth About Cars

FEBRUARY 23, 2024

Photo credit: Nick Starichenko / Shutterstock.com Contrary to common misconceptions , electric vehicles (EVs) generally have a smaller carbon footprint compared to traditional gasoline cars. This advantage remains true even when considering the electricity utilized for charging EVs.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Climate EPA

BMW i Ventures invests in Prometheus Fuels; CO2 air-capture and conversion to carbon-neutral gasoline

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2020

BMW i Ventures has invested in Prometheus Fuels ( earlier post ), a company removing CO 2 from the air and turning it into zero-net carbon gasoline that it will sell at gas stations, at a price that competes with fossil fuels, starting as early as this year. The effective upgrading of alcohols to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels.

Gasoline

Gasoline Carbon Conversion BMW

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2017

For the last 18 months, a fleet of 6 methanol-fueled versions of the Geely Emgrand 7 cars have been in Iceland. In the recently concluded first phase of the fleet test, the cars were driven roughly 150,000 kilometers (93,000 miles). liter, 127 hp engine which can run on both 100% methanol (M100) and gasoline. Earlier post.).

Iceland

Iceland CO2 Gasoline Renewable

DOE: Small SUVs halve lifetime GHG emissions as EVs vs. gas

Baua Electric

SEPTEMBER 8, 2024

A small electric SUV with 300 miles of range produces 52% fewer life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than a comparable gasoline vehicle, according to the U.S. Comparison of 2024 lifetime greenhouse gas emissions of small SUVs (via U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).

SUV

SUV Emissions Gas Gasoline-Electric

Prometheus CEO outlines tech advances that could make CO2-to-fuels renewable gasoline and jet price-competitive with fossil fuels

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 30, 2020

In a commentary in the journal Joule , Rob McGinnis, founder and and CEO of Prometheus , a company that is developing technology to remove carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into fuels, discusses the technology advances that could lead to the potential price-competitiveness of renewable gasoline and jet with fossil fuels.

Gasoline

Gasoline Renewable Fuel Price

Audi opens power-to-gas facility in Werlte/Emsland; e-gas from water, green electricity and CO2

Green Car Congress

JUNE 25, 2013

Audi’s e-gas plant. Audi has opened its e-gas plant in Werlte, making it the first automobile manufacturer to develop a chain of sustainable energy carriers. The Audi e-gas plant, which can convert 6MW of input power, utilizes renewable electricity for electrolysis to produce oxygen and hydrogen. Click to enlarge.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Audi Water

T&E concludes that diesel cars emit more CO2 on a full lifecycle basis than gasoline cars

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2017

A new analysis by the NGO Transport & Environment (T&E) concludes that diesel cars emit more CO 2 than equivalent cars on a full lifecycle basis—i.e., According to the T&E analysis, an average diesel car produces emits 3.65 According to the T&E analysis, an average diesel car produces emits 3.65 l/100 km (37.3

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel CO2 Cars

Bosch study highlights potential of e-fuels to reduce CO2 emissions

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

Even if all cars were to drive electrically one day, aircraft, ships, and even trucks will still run mainly on fuel. Carbon-neutral combustion engines that run on synthetic fuels are thus a very promising path to explore—including for passenger cars. Volkmar Denner, chairman of the board of management of Robert Bosch GmbH.

Emissions

Emissions Fuel CO2 Gasoline-Electric

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 5, 2023

Which are the alternative fuels for cars that could replace gasoline in vehicle? We can have a look at alternative fuels for cars here in this post. Why do we need alternative fuels for cars? Why would invest a lot of effort to find the alternate energy sources and fuels for cars? You can guess it easily.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric

How EVs Are Reducing Carbon (CO2) Emissions

Blink Charging

SEPTEMBER 8, 2023

Enter electric vehicles: a practical step toward reducing carbon emissions and reinforcing sustainable practices. Not only do they eliminate tailpipe emissions, but they also boast greater energy efficiency compared to their gasoline counterparts. There’s no better time than now to join the electric vehicle revolution.

Carbon

Carbon Emissions CO2 Gasoline-Electric

Audi to introduce natural gas A3 Sportback g-tron at year’s end; CO2-neutral e-gas

Green Car Congress

MARCH 1, 2013

Audi will introduce the compact A3 Sportback g-tron—which can be powered by the CO 2 -neutral Audi e-gas, synthetic methane generated from eco-electricity in the Audi e-gas project ( earlier post )—at the end of the year. The e-gas fuel will be produced in the power-to-gas plant in Werlte, Germany.

Audi

Audi Gas CO2 Gas-Electric

EPA finalizes greenhouse gas standards for LDVs MY 2023-2026

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 21, 2021

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing the federal greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions standards for passenger cars and light trucks for Model Years (MY) 2023 through 2026. EPA’s analysis shows manufacturers can comply with the final standards with modest increases in the numbers of electric vehicles entering the fleet.

EPA

EPA Standards Gas Pollution

Setting New Standards for Clean Cars

Plug in America

OCTOBER 3, 2023

Improving vehicle technology and electric vehicles saves consumers money through reduced maintenance and fuel costs and improves air quality and public health. Clean cars can improve air quality and public health Transportation is the largest source of carbon pollution in the U.S. See our table below for a side-by-side comparison.

Standards

Standards Cleaning Clean Fuel Economy

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

SEAT, a member of the Volkswagen Group, continues to spearhead the introduction of compressed natural gas (CNG) technology, giving customers the widest choice of vehicles that are cleaner, more sustainable and offer even greater efficiency. A CNG vehicle reduces CO 2 emissions by about 25% compared to a gasoline-driven equivalent.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Gas Gas-Electric

ICCT analysis finds 2025 European automotive CO2 standards can be met even if diesel share drops to 15%

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

Diesel has played a major role in the European Union’s efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions from the automotive fleet; the market share of fuel-efficient new diesel cars in the European Union has remained above 50% since 2010. Furthermore, hybrid electric cars today often are cheaper than diesel cars within the same vehicle segment.

Diesel

Diesel Standards CO2 Gasoline-Electric

Final EPA report shows total US GHG emissions up 3.2% in 2010, total CO2 up 3.5%, total transportation CO2 up 1%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2012

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released the 17 th annual US greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory. As the largest source of US greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion has accounted for. The number of vehicle miles traveled by light-duty motor vehicles (passenger cars and. from the previous year.

2010

2010 EPA Transportation Emissions

PHEVLERs are the Zero CO2 Clean Green Machines of the Future

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2016

The Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Long Electric Range (PHEVLER - pronounced “fevler”) is a new category emerging in the electric vehicle marketplace. PHEVLERs are defined as PHEVs with sufficient battery capacity for all electric driving of twice the average daily distance. [ and UC-Davis Emeritus and Bruce R.

Cleaning

Cleaning Clean Future Green

What we don’t admit about carbon dioxide

Electric Auto Association

JUNE 9, 2021

Intuitive misconceptions about this harmful gas slows EV adoption By PETER DOUGLAS: MEMBER, ELECTRIC AUTO ASSOCIATION. The decision to purchase an electric vehicle (EV) over an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle involves several factors.

Carbon

Carbon CO2 Pollution Gas-Electric

International automotive researchers emphasize the importance of continued development of the internal combustion engine

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 9, 2019

We are certainly in revolutionary times, but it is clear that power generation sources will not become fully renewable and transport will not become fully electric for several decades, if ever. Consumer preference is not decided by politicians, nor by car-makers, nor academia. road dust) are accounted for. —Reitz et al.

International

International Engine Exhaust Emissions

Full lifecycle CO2 of new Mercedes C-Class 10% less than outgoing model

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2014

CO 2 emissions of the C 180 in comparison to its predecessor [t/car]. Over the entire lifecycle of the C 180, the lifecycle analysis yields a primary energy consumption of 521 gigajoules (corresponding to the energy content of around 16,000 liters of gasoline); an environmental input of approx. Source: Mercedes-Benz. Click to enlarge.

Mercedes

Mercedes CO2 2007 MPG

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2014

A report prepared by ISIS (Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems - Italy) together with Tecnalia (Spain) for the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) discusses the technological, environmental and economic barriers for producing methanol from carbon dioxide, as well as the possible uses of methanol in car transport in Europe.

Transportation

Transportation CO2 Carbon Hydrogen

IEA working paper highlights potential role of natural gas in reducing global road transport CO2

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2010

The global natural gas vehicle fleet has grown rapidly in the last 10 years, but still represents less than 1% of global transport fuel consumption. gas sources, such as biogas or bio-synthetic gas. gas sources, such as biogas or bio-synthetic gas. Click to enlarge.

Gas

Gas Transportation CO2 Global

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Geely’s Englon SC7 sedan was the first methanol-fueled car to receive approval from China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Vulcanol is CRI’s brand name for renewable methanol, produced from CO 2 and hydrogen from renewable sources of electricity (hydro, geothermal, wind and solar). Earlier post.) Click to enlarge.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

Study suggests China urban passenger transport emissions could peak in 2030

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2019

The CO 2 emissions of cars account for more than 60% of the total carbon emissions of the urban passenger transport in China. Correspondingly, the energy structure would become much cleaner, with the share of gasoline declining from 62% in 2012 to 29% in 2050 and the share of electricity increasing to 56% in 2050.

Transportation

Transportation Emissions China Taxi

Final US mpg rules through 2031 go easy on gas trucks, SUVs

Baua Electric

JUNE 7, 2024

The federal government on Friday revealed vehicle efficiency standards for 2027-2031 that improve the fleet fuel efficiency of new cars and trucks—slightly. As the International Energy Agency last week underscored, SUVs emit about 20% more CO2 than cars , whether they’re electric or not. vehicle sales.

MPG

MPG SUV Gas EPA

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA

Study finds PHEVs will reduce net emissions of CO2 and NOx; upward pressure on SO2

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2011

Net emissions resulting from the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) depend on the efficiency of the conventional vehicle fleet; PHEV CD (all-electric, charge-depleting mode) efficiency; charging strategy; battery pack capacity; driving patterns; and generator mix used for charging.

PHEV

PHEV Emissions CO2 Gasoline-Electric

Stanford faculty awarded $2.2 million for innovative energy research; fuel cells, hybrids, splitting CO2

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2013

Self-Regenerating Fuel Cells Running on Natural Gas. To help in the design of self-restoring catalysts for ceramic fuel cells, which could run on natural gas rather than hydrogen, this project will illuminate the fundamental chemical and structural transformations involved. PIs: John D.

Energy

Energy Fuel Hybrid CO2

EPA annual US GHG inventory shows 1.6% drop in 2011 from previous year; transportation CO2 down 1.1%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2013

Total US greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in 2011. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its 18 th annual report of overall US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions showing a 1.6% Nearly 65% of the emissions resulted from gasoline consumption for personal vehicle use. Click to enlarge.

2011

2011 EPA Transportation Climate Change

HyBoost Project Aiming for 30-40% CO2 Reduction Without Performance Compromise

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 30, 2009

The HyBoost project ( earlier post ), a two-year collaborative research program led by Ricardo in partnership with Controlled Power Technologies, the European Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium, Ford, Imperial College London, and Valeo, aims to demonstrate a very cost-effective, ultra-efficient gasoline engine in a C-segment passenger car.

Lead Acid

Lead Acid CO2 Exhaust Gasoline-Electric

Bosch trialing Neste renewable diesel; aims to offer renewable and synthetic fuels at all company filling stations in Germany

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2018

Since early November, the cars chauffeuring the management board members of Robert Bosch GmbH have been running on fully renewable diesel. diesel reduces the CO 2 emissions of these cars by around two-thirds, or 65%, from well to wheel. Known as “C.A.R.E. diesel,” this fuel is synthesized mainly from by-products and waste materials.

Renewable

Renewable Germany Diesel Fuel

Electrification gaining momentum in fleet vehicle industry – Charged EVs

Baua Electric

FEBRUARY 29, 2024

According to a report by Smart Energy Decisions , there were more than one million electric vehicles (EVs) in commercial and government fleets in the United States as of 2021, up from just over 300,000 in 2019. Many companies have made commitments to transition portions of their delivery fleets to electric over the next five to 10 years.

Fleet

Fleet Industry Industrial Charging

ADEPT project to apply gasoline engine HyBoost system to diesel; 48V architecture; full hybrid fuel economy at much lower cost

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

The Ricardo-led Advanced Diesel Electric Powertrain (ADEPT) project will apply 48V “intelligent electrification” concepts, mild hybridization and waste heat recovery in a Ford Focus diesel demonstrator. In 2011, the HyBoost team reported that the HyBoost demonstrator was achieving comparable performance to the conventional 2.0L

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Diesel Economy Gasoline

EPA Trends on EVs and PHEVs; beginning of a “measurable and meaningful impact” on new vehicle fuel economy and emissions

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2014

The Trends report has been published annually since 1975 and covers all passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, minivans, and all but the largest pickup trucks and vans. Overall fuel economy (miles per gallon gasoline equivalent) and average tailpipe + net upstream CO 2 emissions for EVs and PHEVs in 2014 Trends report.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy EPA Economy PHEV

CARB releases Midterm Review of ZEV regulation, LEV III GHG and PM standards; calls for post-2025 standards

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2017

ARB has now released the Midterm Review of Advanced Clean Cars Program —an extensive evaluation of the California passenger vehicle market and technology. The Review finds that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards currently in place for model years 2022-2025 are readily feasible at or below the costs estimated back in 2012.

Standards

Standards PHEV California CO2

BMW Outlines Intelligent Heat Management Applications for Reducing Fuel Consumption and CO2; New Thermoelectric Generator Unit Integrated with EGR

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2009

Distribution of energy in the car. Among the projects discussed were reducing cold starts; using waste heat for different heating applications in the car; and a new implementation of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) for waste heat recovery. Studies show that customers park their car for more than 16 hours in a row only in 12% of cases.

BMW

BMW Fuel Exhaust CO2

Toyota reduces fuel consumption and emissions across the new Auris range; 13% average reduction in CO2 compared to predecessors; gasoline, diesel and hybrid

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

Toyota anticipates a 1/3 full hybrid, 1/3 gasoline, 1/3 diesel engine mix. The new Auris’ powertrain line-up, which now features a choice of an improved full hybrid or two gasoline and two diesel engines offering the performance- and economy-enhancing benefits of Toyota Optimal Drive. Valvematic gasoline engine. Powertrains.

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel Toyota Emissions

Audi unveils e-gas project: synthetic methane from the methanation of green hydrogen; series production of CNG models in 2013 powered by e-gas

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2011

Audi A3 TCNG for e-gas project. Starting in 2013, Audi will begin series production of TCNG models whose engines—derived from TFSI units—will be powered by e-gas: synthetic methane produced via the methanation of hydrogen produced by electrolysis using renewable electricity. Click to enlarge.

Gas

Gas Audi Hydrogen 2013

CPT Brings TIGERS Technology to VIPER Project for Enhanced Energy Recovery

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 23, 2010

The UK-based micro-hybrid specialist Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) will contribute its TIGERS (turbo-generator integrated gas energy recovery system) technology ( earlier post ) to the recently announced Vehicle Integrated Powertrain Energy Recovery (VIPER) project ( earlier post ). HyBoost also includes our VTES electric supercharger.

Energy

Energy Land Rover Volt Gasoline-Electric

GM Quantifies CO2 and Fuel Consumption Reductions Via E-REVs And PHEVs, As Compared To Conventional Hybrids

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2009

General Motors has released a white paper that evaluates the CO 2 reduction potential of extended-range electric vehicles (E-REVs) as well as plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), in combination with multiple vehicle charging scenarios, as compared to conventional hybrids. The vehicles are defined as follows: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) : A 2.4L

PHEV

PHEV CO2 Hybrid Fuel

CPT developing 48-volt electric supercharger for micro-mild hybrids

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2011

Controlled Power Technologies (CPT) is developing a 48-volt version of its 12 volt electric supercharger based on its variable torque enhancement system known as VTES. At 48 volts, a VTES electric supercharger will transform 7kW of battery power into a highly boosted charge of air for downsized gasoline and diesel engines.

Volt

Volt Hybrid Downsizing Lead Acid

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 7, 2023

The electric vehicle industry is growing at a high pace these days. Are you planning a job in electric vehicle industry? Then this Electric Vehicle Interview Questions and Answers will definitely help you out. There are different types of firms working in the electric vehicle domain.

Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicles Vehicles Electric Electrical

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

Shale gas offsets declines in other US supply to meet. The Annual Energy Outlook 2011 (AEO2011) Reference case released yesterday by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) more than doubles the technically recoverable US shale gas resources assumed in AEO2010 and added new shale oil resources. Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.

Gas

Gas 2011 Price Energy

Center for Automotive Research calls long-run economic risk to auto industry of mandating permanent fuel economy standards very serious; recommends periodic reviews

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Plug-in hybrids dominate market penetration in 2025 under CAR scenario IV (62 mpg CAFE standard). Source: CAR. The CAR report, the US Automotive Market and Industry in 2025 , relies on technology and market forecast data from the National Research Council (NRC) and J.D. CAR researchers estimated the best (i.e.,

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Auto Industry Standards

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

BMW i Ventures invests in Prometheus Fuels; CO2 air-capture and conversion to carbon-neutral gasoline

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

DOE: Small SUVs halve lifetime GHG emissions as EVs vs. gas

Prometheus CEO outlines tech advances that could make CO2-to-fuels renewable gasoline and jet price-competitive with fossil fuels

Audi opens power-to-gas facility in Werlte/Emsland; e-gas from water, green electricity and CO2

T&E concludes that diesel cars emit more CO2 on a full lifecycle basis than gasoline cars

Bosch study highlights potential of e-fuels to reduce CO2 emissions

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

How EVs Are Reducing Carbon (CO2) Emissions

Audi to introduce natural gas A3 Sportback g-tron at year’s end; CO2-neutral e-gas

EPA finalizes greenhouse gas standards for LDVs MY 2023-2026

Setting New Standards for Clean Cars

SEAT pushes forward with CNG line-up

ICCT analysis finds 2025 European automotive CO2 standards can be met even if diesel share drops to 15%

Final EPA report shows total US GHG emissions up 3.2% in 2010, total CO2 up 3.5%, total transportation CO2 up 1%

PHEVLERs are the Zero CO2 Clean Green Machines of the Future

What we don’t admit about carbon dioxide

International automotive researchers emphasize the importance of continued development of the internal combustion engine

Full lifecycle CO2 of new Mercedes C-Class 10% less than outgoing model

Study for European Parliament assesses options for turning CO2 into methanol for use in transport

IEA working paper highlights potential role of natural gas in reducing global road transport CO2

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Study suggests China urban passenger transport emissions could peak in 2030

Final US mpg rules through 2031 go easy on gas trucks, SUVs

EPA trends report sees record levels of average new vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emissions for MY 2012; role of new gasoline vehicle technologies

Study finds PHEVs will reduce net emissions of CO2 and NOx; upward pressure on SO2

Stanford faculty awarded $2.2 million for innovative energy research; fuel cells, hybrids, splitting CO2

EPA annual US GHG inventory shows 1.6% drop in 2011 from previous year; transportation CO2 down 1.1%

HyBoost Project Aiming for 30-40% CO2 Reduction Without Performance Compromise

Bosch trialing Neste renewable diesel; aims to offer renewable and synthetic fuels at all company filling stations in Germany

Electrification gaining momentum in fleet vehicle industry – Charged EVs

ADEPT project to apply gasoline engine HyBoost system to diesel; 48V architecture; full hybrid fuel economy at much lower cost

EPA Trends on EVs and PHEVs; beginning of a “measurable and meaningful impact” on new vehicle fuel economy and emissions

CARB releases Midterm Review of ZEV regulation, LEV III GHG and PM standards; calls for post-2025 standards

BMW Outlines Intelligent Heat Management Applications for Reducing Fuel Consumption and CO2; New Thermoelectric Generator Unit Integrated with EGR

Toyota reduces fuel consumption and emissions across the new Auris range; 13% average reduction in CO2 compared to predecessors; gasoline, diesel and hybrid

Audi unveils e-gas project: synthetic methane from the methanation of green hydrogen; series production of CNG models in 2013 powered by e-gas

CPT Brings TIGERS Technology to VIPER Project for Enhanced Energy Recovery

GM Quantifies CO2 and Fuel Consumption Reductions Via E-REVs And PHEVs, As Compared To Conventional Hybrids

CPT developing 48-volt electric supercharger for micro-mild hybrids

Must Read 40+ Electric Vehicle Interview Questions & Answers

EIA Energy Outlook 2011 more than doubles estimates of US shale gas resources; higher production at lower prices

Center for Automotive Research calls long-run economic risk to auto industry of mandating permanent fuel economy standards very serious; recommends periodic reviews

Stay Connected