Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2013

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed Clean Air Act standards to reduce CO 2 emissions from fossil-fuel fired power plants (electric utility generating units, EGUs). The proposed limits for fossil fuel-fired utility boilers and IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) units (i.e., Background. Earlier post.)

EPA 236

EPA Standards Emissions Power 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2018

diesel,” this fuel is synthesized mainly from by-products and waste materials. Renewable and synthetic fuels can contribute greatly to limiting global warming. Synthetic and renewable fuels should be factored into the CO2 fleet regulation for passenger cars and trucks. This fuel contains up to 33% renewables.

Renewable 170

Renewable Germany Diesel Fuel 170

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2014

In terms of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions during the operation of the vehicle, a significant improvement was achieved over the 2007 predecessor. Natural gas and crude oil are strongly influenced by fuel consumption during the use phase. mpg) at the time of the market launch in 2007 or from between 6.4 The new C-Class.

Mercedes 252

Mercedes CO2 2007 MPG 252

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

The downward pressure on emissions was slightly offset by an uptick in transportation energy consumption that was influenced by lower fuel prices that put upward pressure on emissions. These emissions were highest in 2007, prior to the recession, and have not returned to those levels, although they have increased since 2012.

2015 150

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2018

Efforts to improve the fuel efficiency of new cars sold in the European Union (EU) stalled in 2017 compared to 2016, according to provisional data published today by the European Environment Agency (EEA). million new cars were registered, the highest number since 2007. A total of 15.1 g CO 2 /km ) and diesel cars (117.9 g CO 2 /km).

2017 199

2017 Emissions CO2 Europe 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 18, 2014

Global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production reached a new all-time high in 2013, according to the annual report “Trends in global CO2 emissions”, released by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the European Joint Research Centre (JRC). in 2013, increasing its share in transport fuels by 0.3

2013 240

2013 Emissions Global CO2 240

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

Further, the study compares 450 ppm LDV CO 2 glide paths derived using only vehicle efficiency improvements against those derived using both vehicle and fuel actions. Holding vehicle efficiencies, powertrain shares and fuel characteristics constant at 2010 levels, they then considered the effect of only vehicle actions.

Light 261

Light Global CO2 Ford 261

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2011

FTS produces only a small fraction of the hydrocarbons needed for fuel and requires extensive recycling. The cost per gallon for the SRI fuel is higher than F-T fuel, however: a calculated $2.81 The process can also dramatically reduce the environmental footprint associated with alternative transportation fuels.

Coal 257

Coal Water Transportation Fuel 257

Green Car Congress

JUNE 6, 2011

a technology developer focusing on the conversion of carbon dioxide and methane to fuels, plans to produce samples of diesel fuel in an end-to-end process demonstration. Haijun Sun Jian Huang, Hui Wang, and Jianguo Zhang (2007) CO 2 Reforming of CH 4 over Xerogel Ni-Ti and Ni-Ti-Al Catalysts. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.)

Carbon 285

Carbon Diesel Fuel CO2 285

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2012

Gt in 2030 by implementing well-designed vehicle performance standards and fuel fees, according to a new analysis by a team from the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) and the ClimateWorks Foundation. Click to enlarge. The US, China, and the EU could reduce their combined annual CO 2 emissions by 1.3 —Kodjak et al.

Standards 300

Standards Economy Emissions China 300

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2016

per year over 2007-2015 due to the displacement of coal by natural gas, wind and solar for power production as well as energy efficiency gains. Additional measures, including ways to offset the CO 2 emitted by liquid fuel use, will be needed to address the transportation-climate challenge. Data derived from US EIA. Click to enlarge.

Transportation 150

Transportation Emissions CO2 2007 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 5, 2013

With the exception of 2010, emissions have declined every year since 2007. Other factors contributing to the lower emissions include decreased demand for transportation fuels and mild winter temperatures that reduced demand for heating. US energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2012 were the lowest since 1994, at 5.3

Coal 265

Coal 2012 Emissions Energy 265

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2014

AFV are alternative fuel vehicles: electric, LPG, NG-biomethane, E85, biodiesel, hybrid and plug-in vehicles. The average per-km CO 2 emissions for gasoline-fueled cars was 128.62 grams; and for alternative fuel vehicles (electric, LPG, NG-biomethane, E85, biodiesel, hybrid and plug-in vehicles), 104.14 Source: EEA.

2013 231

2013 2015 Latvia Europe 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

Aerodynamic improvements, weight savings and engine enhancements have reduced fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions across the range. When the first generation Auris was launched in 2007, the average emissions were 152 g/km. Fuel consumption is 5.4 Toyota anticipates a 1/3 full hybrid, 1/3 gasoline, 1/3 diesel engine mix.

Gasoline 252

Gasoline Toyota Diesel Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2009

In December 2007, biofuels company Gevo acquired an exclusive license for a method developed by Dr. Liao for modifying the metabolic pathway of E.coli bacteria for the non-fermentative synthesis of higher alcohols including isobutanol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol from glucose. —Atsumi et al.

Engine 170

Engine CO2 Fuel 2007 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2013

Recent trends can be attributed to multiple factors including reduced emissions from electricity generation, improvements in fuel efficiency in vehicles with reductions in miles traveled, and year-to-year changes in the prevailing weather, EPA said. Commercial aircraft emissions continued to fall, having decreased 18% since 2007.

2011 218

2011 EPA Transportation Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2009

In November 2007, Mantra acquired 100% outright ownership of the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide (ERC) technology, developed by the University of British Columbia’s Clean Energy Research Center. ERC, Mantra’s CO 2 recycling technology, converts concentrated CO 2 into useful products such as formic acid.

CO2 199

CO2 Production Power Grid 2007 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2009

Anthropogenic atmospheric CO 2 , fossil fuel emissions, world GDP, and world population for the past century. billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 )—a byproduct of fossil fuel burning—and 12.2 This increase is despite the global economic downturn, with its decrease in a wide range of activities that depend on fossil fuel use.

2008 150

2008 CO2 Emissions Climate Change 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

Global CO 2 emissions from fuel use and cement production by region. Global CO2 emissions increased from 15.3 In particular in the US, where gasoline prices almost doubled in the summer of 2008 compared to 2007 levels, oil consumption dropped 7% decrease. Also in China, biofuels are increasingly being used as transport fuel.

2008 170

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2009

The number of EU countries with CO2-related car taxation rose to 15 in 2008. ACEA says that the European car industry welcomes the clear trend towards CO 2 -related car taxation as fiscal measures are an important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient cars.

CO2 150

CO2 Auto Industry Industrial Industry 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

The proposed rule would apply only to new fossil-fuel-fired electric utility generating units (EGUs); plants currently operating or new permitted plants that begin construction over the next 12 months are exempt. continental areas, which include Hawaii and the territories; and new units that do not burn fossil fuels (e.g., Background.

EPA 225

EPA Power Powered Future 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

Projected US CO 2 growth from fossil fuels. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates in the April 2010 release of its Short-Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels, which declined by 6.6% in 2011 as economic growth fuels higher energy consumption. Source: EIA.

2008 186

2008 2010 Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 21, 2009

The sedan develops 163 hp (120 kW) between 3,500rpm to 4,200rpm and 360 N·m of torque from 1,750 rpm to 3,000rpm, with fuel consumption of 4.1 all-aluminium crankcase, turbocharging with variable intake geometry and common-rail direct fuel injection with piezo-injectors. Tags: Diesel Fuel Efficiency.

BMW 207

BMW CO2 Diesel 2007 207

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2009

BMW dedicated a portion of its recent Innovation Days 2009 event to the topic of Intelligent Heat management as a mechanism for reducing fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. Even a highly efficient combustion engine converts only about one-third of the energy in the fuel into traction actually propelling the car. No more cold starts.

BMW 218

BMW Fuel Exhaust CO2 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2009

The South Korean Presidential Committee on Green Growth announced that by 2015, automakers will need to increase average new vehicle fuel economy to 17 km/L (40 mpg US, 5.9 Korea’s fuel efficiency standards are already slated to increase 16.5% Korea’s fuel efficiency standards are already slated to increase 16.5% Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy 150

Fuel Economy MPG 2015 Economy 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

The authors, under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project , reported a 29% increase in global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel between 2000 and 2008 (the latest year for which figures are available), and by 41% between 2008 and 1990, the reference year of the Kyoto Protocol. between 2000 and 2008, compared with 1% per year in the 1990s.

2008 218

2008 Emissions Carbon Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 11, 2012

Fuel economy improvements for the hybrid vehicles vary considerably from 5-10% for the larger, luxury hybrid vehicles to more than 40%. Fuel economy improvements for diesels range from 15% to 30% relative to gasoline counterparts. From MY 2004 to MY 2010, CO 2 emissions decreased by 67 g/mi (15%), and fuel economy increased by 3.3

Fuel Economy 236

Fuel Economy 2011 Economy EPA 236

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production per region. emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production per sector (1970 = 100). billion tonnes in 2007). emissions from fossil fuel use and cement production per country (left), per capita (center), and per unit of GDP (right). Global CO 2. Source: JRC.

Global 281

Global Emissions Industrial Industry 281

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2009

less than the 2007 figure and 16.8% Although the UK new car fleet has made above-EU15 gains in six of past seven years to 2007, the UK average new car CO 2 emissions remains 3.7% above the EU15 average, which reached 158 g/km in 2007, according to the report. g/km figure average estimated for the 1997-2007 parc.

2008 150

2008 Emissions CO2 2007 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 27, 2009

Joule Biotechnologies uses proprietary, highly-engineered product-specific organisms to produce renewable fuels and chemicals. Joule’s SolarFuels meet today’s vehicle fuel specifications and infrastructure; the company expects to achieve widespread production at the energy equivalent of less than $50 per barrel. Click to enlarge.

Renewable 150

Renewable Transportation Fuel Conversion 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 25, 2011

The 2007 IPCC report estimated that the air near the surface of the Earth would warm on average by 2 to 4.5 °C Schmittner said continued unabated fossil fuel use could lead to similar warming of the sea surface as reconstruction shows happened between the Last Glacial Maximum and today. preindustrial times.

Climate 220

Climate CO2 Climate Change Oregon 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2013

Predominant sources are combustion related; namely, fossil fuels for transportation, solid fuels for industrial and residential uses, and open burning of biomass. These effects are calculated with climate models, but when possible, they are evaluated with both microphysical measurements and field observations.

Climate Change 286

Climate Change Climate Carbon CO2 286

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2009

Yaghi and his colleagues have been at the forefront of inventing new classes of crystalline porous materials: metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and then COFs, reported in the journal Science in 2007. Earlier post.). Indeed, the actual volumetric uptake is 20-30% smaller compared to the present data if the packing density is 0.7.

Hydrogen 150

Hydrogen Gas CO2 Carbon 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. Jacobson at Stanford University. He also found that soot emissions kill more than 1.5

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Cars News

JUNE 28, 2009

With oil prices surging in the summer of 2008, the annual increase in global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from oil, coal, gas and cement production appear to have halved according to preliminary estimates by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. per cent in 2007. per cent in 2008, compared to 3.3 per cent.

CO2 39

CO2 Netherlands 2008 2007 39

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2014

More than 400,000 S-MAX models have been sold in Europe since Ford introduced the S-MAX, which won European Car of the Year in 2007. Gasoline engine options including Ford’s new fuel-efficient 160 PS (118 kW) 1.5-liter S-MAX CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency also are enhanced with Smart Regenerative Charging and Auto-Start-Stop.

Ford 240

Ford Europe Engine Diesel 240

Green Cars News

NOVEMBER 22, 2009

Efforts to increase fuel economy and lower emissions show no signs of losing pace as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a report revealing a fifth consecutive increase in new vehicle fuel efficiency with a corresponding decrease in average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Hybrids are projected to have a 1.8

Fuel Economy 44

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel CO2 44