Fuel, Gasoline, Gasoline-Electric and Powered

Large differences among the recent increases in the cost of powering gasoline, diesel, and electric vehicles

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2022

This post examines the recent changes in the costs of powering gasoline, diesel, and electric vehicles. The expectation was that the cost of electricity had recently increased much less than the costs of gasoline and diesel. Electricity. $/g. Month (2022). Change from January (%). $/g.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Cost Of Diesel

Nacero awards 20-year wind power purchase agreement to NextEra for natural gas-to-gasoline plant in Texas

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2022

Texas-based Nacero, a company seeking to produce low- and zero-lifecycle carbon footprint gasoline blendstock ( earlier post ) has awarded a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC a 20-year power purchase agreement to supply wind power to Nacero’s planned flagship manufacturing facility in Penwell, Texas.

Wind

Wind Texas Gasoline Purchase

New battery-electric vehicles take 5.7% share in Europe in Q1; hybrids 18.4%, gasoline 42.2% , diesel 23.2%

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2021

In the first quarter of 2021, hybrid electric vehicles made up 18.4% Demand for electrically-chargeable cars also increased in Q1: battery-electric vehicles made up 5.7% Demand for electrically-chargeable cars also increased in Q1: battery-electric vehicles made up 5.7% Gasoline and diesel cars. Data: ACEA.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Diesel Electric Vehicles

KAUST researchers show blending ammonia with DME yields low-carbon fuel with combustion properties similar to gasoline

Green Car Congress

APRIL 6, 2022

Blending ammonia with a small amount of dimethyl ether (DME) gives a liquid fuel with low-temperature combustion properties very similar to gasoline, researchers at KAUST have shown. The development of such fuels could provide an option—in addition to electric cars—for “clean” power for the transportation sector.

Gasoline

Gasoline Carbon Fuel Gasoline-Electric

LiquidPiston introduces XTS-210 25hp heavy-fueled rotary engine; 1/5th size & weight of current diesel piston engines of same power

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2023

LiquidPiston, an innovator of compact and efficient engine technology and hybrid power systems, intends to commercialize the XTS-210, a 25-horsepower, two-stroke, supercharged, liquid-cooled, 210cc rotary engine. The XTS-210 is heavy-fuel compatible (diesel, Jet A, JP-8, kerosene) and multi-fuel capacble (gasoline, propane, hydrogen).

Engine

Engine Diesel Power Powered

Nissan introducing Serena with 2nd-generation e-POWER system in Japan

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2022

Sales of gasoline-powered models will start this winter, and e-POWER models are to start in spring. The Serena features the second-generation e-POWER system, now equipped with an all-new, specially developed 1.4 The system delivers more powerful and smooth acceleration with less engine noise. Serena e-POWER Engine.

Japan

Japan Nissan Power Powered

Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen develop renewable gasoline with 20% lower CO2; rollout of Blue Gasoline this year

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2021

Following on the introduction of R33 Blue Diesel ( earlier post ), Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen have now developed a low-carbon gasoline. The new fuel, called Blue Gasoline, similarly contains up to 33% renewables, ensuring a well-to-wheel reduction in carbon emissions of at least 20% per kilometer driven. Every bit of CO?

Gasoline

Gasoline Renewable CO2 Gasoline-Electric

Prometheus CEO outlines tech advances that could make CO2-to-fuels renewable gasoline and jet price-competitive with fossil fuels

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 30, 2020

In a commentary in the journal Joule , Rob McGinnis, founder and and CEO of Prometheus , a company that is developing technology to remove carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into fuels, discusses the technology advances that could lead to the potential price-competitiveness of renewable gasoline and jet with fossil fuels.

Gasoline

Gasoline Renewable Fuel Price

Report suggests low-speed electric vehicles could affect Chinese demand for gasoline and disrupt oil prices worldwide

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2019

Low-speed electric vehicles (LSEVs) could reduce China’s demand for gasoline and, in turn, impact global oil prices, according to a new issue brief by an expert in the Center for Energy Studies at Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy. “

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Oil

LiquidPiston awarded $9M contract from DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory for compact efficient heavy-fueled rotary engine program

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2022

LiquidPiston announced a $9-million award from the US Army to design, build and demonstrate an advanced, heavy-fueled combustion engine that uses up to 30% less fuel than comparable gasoline-powered engines in the same power class and reduces size and weight by up to 10x over diesel engines with comparable power output.

Engine

Engine Fuel Gasoline-Electric Gasoline

Student-built hydrogen Le Mans style prototype beats gasoline-powered cars in Supercar Challenge race

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2019

The “Forze VIII”, a hydrogen fuel cell Le-Mans-style prototype, became the first hydrogen-electric vehicle to beat gasoline-powered cars in an official race. In a field of 43 gasoline-powered race cars, the hydrogen race car started the last race of the weekend from the fourth position.

Gasoline

Gasoline Hydrogen Power Powered

Kia introduces 5th-generation Sportage SUV; gasoline, diesel, HEV, PHEV

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2021

Developed on a new architecture, the all-new Sportage will offer gasoline and diesel powertrains at market launch later this year, followed by hybrid-electric (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) models. The Sportage will be launched with a range powertrains, including clean gasoline and diesel IC engine technology.

PHEV

PHEV Kia Gasoline Diesel

Nissan launches new Note Aura in Japan; enhanced e-POWER electrified powertrain

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2021

The all-new Note Aura comes exclusively with Nissan’s e-POWER electrified powertrain ( earlier post ), a key part of the company’s electrification strategy under the Nissan NEXT global business transformation plan. e-POWER uses a highly efficient gasoline engine to generate electricity for the electric motor that propels the vehicle.

Aura

Aura Nissan Japan Power

MIT team proposes flex-fuel gasoline-alcohol engine PHEV long-haul trucks

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

In a paper being presented at WCX SAE World Congress Experience in Detroit this week, a team from MIT is proposing the use of a flex-fuel gasoline-alcohol engine approach for a series-hybrid powertrain for long-haul Class 8 trucks. We think that the way to enable the use of electricity in these vehicles is with a plug-in hybrid.

MIT

MIT Gasoline Engine Fuel

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2021

The ICCT has conducted a comprehensive global and temporal life-cycle assessment of GHG emissions from a variety of alternative passenger car powertrains and fuels. This study considers the fuel and electricity consumption in average real-world usage instead of solely relying on official test values. Source: The ICCT.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Batteries Battery

Nissan and Sunwoda jointly to study battery development for e-POWER vehicles

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2020

and Sunwoda Electric Vehicle Battery Co., will begin studying joint development of next-generation vehicle batteries for Nissan’s e-POWER vehicles. The e-POWER system includes a gasoline engine with a power generator, an inverter, a battery and an electric motor. Nissan Motor Co., Earlier post.).

Nissan

Nissan Power Powered Batteries

Toyota showcases experimental hydrogen-powered GR Yaris

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 3, 2021

Toyota showcased its experimental hydrogen-powered combustion engine technology in the multiple award-winning GR Yaris. The hydrogen fuel, fuel tanks and refueling process of the experimental vehicle are the same as found in the Mirai, Toyota’s commercially available flagship fuel cell electric vehicle.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Toyota Power Powered

Neste testing renewable gasoline in Sweden for possible commercialization internationally

Green Car Congress

MAY 22, 2021

Neste, the world’s leading producer of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), is beginning the final phase of testing of a renewable gasoline for drop-in commercial use in the existing fleet. Neste aims to improve this figure to achieve up to 90% emission reduction with the fuel eventually.

Sweden

Sweden Gasoline Renewable Commercial

FEV testing finds Transient Plasma ignition system increases fuel efficiency and decreases emissions

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2022

TPS) nanosecond pulsed power ignition system ( earlier post ) on the current Toyota 2.5-liter, liter, direct and port fueled injection, inline 4-cylinder gasoline engine commonly used in the Camry line of vehicles. The TPS Ignition System allowed for stable operation beyond an air fuel ratio of 30 (?>2),

Emissions

Emissions Fuel Gasoline-Electric Gasoline

Nissan Note e-POWER orders more than double the monthly target

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2021

Orders for the all-new Nissan Note e-POWER have surpassed 20,000—more than double the compact car’s monthly sales target—since it was released in Japan in late December. Equipped with Nissan’s e-POWER electrified powertrain, the fully refreshed Note went on sale on 23 December with a monthly sales target of 8,000 vehicles.

Nissan

Nissan Power Powered Gasoline-Electric

Researchers devise gasoline-fueled SOFC with high power density; potential for vehicles

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2014

Researchers from Washington State University and Kyung Hee University in Korea have fabricated a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a novel mixed conductivity MoO 2 -based anode that is fueled by direct feeding of premium gasoline without external reforming. Their fuel cell demonstrated a power density >3.0

Gasoline

Gasoline Power Powered Fuel

Korean team develops 2L-class direct-injection hydrogen-fueled engine

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2023

The amount of air that flows into the combustion chamber declines because of the space taken up by the gaseous hydrogen fuel, leading to lower fuel efficiency and poorer engine performance due to the backfire of the hydrogen fuel and air. 2022.04.274

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Engine Fuel Carbon

INFINITI says new gasoline-generated EV system (Nissan e-POWER) central to electrification strategy

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 5, 2019

These include fully-electric systems, as well as a gasoline-generated EV system (known as e-POWER at Nissan, earlier post ) in which a gasoline engine generates electrical power stored in a battery (series hybrid), which can then be delivered to all four wheels through a pair of high-output electric motors.

Infinity

Infinity Gasoline Power Powered

Allison Transmission introduces hydrogen fuel cell vehicle testing at VEET

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2022

Allison Transmission announced the availability of hydrogen fuel cell and compressed natural gas (CNG) testing at its Vehicle Electrification + Environmental Test Center ( VEET ). This same system is also capable of detection and management of CNG power plants.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Vehicles Alternative Fuels

Jaguar Land Rover produces more than 1.5M Ingenium engines; adds new straight-six diesel MHEV to family; fuel cell concept coming

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2020

The advanced Ingenium family, which includes a range of diesel, gasoline and electrified engines, are built to maximise performance while at the same time reducing the environmental impact and running costs for customers. Together, they will power the next generation of Jaguar and Land Rover electrified vehicles.

Land Rover

Land Rover Diesel Engine Concept

DTF: Diesel dominates commercial truck, transit and school bus fleets in US

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2022

Other fuels that play a role in commercial trucking include gasoline (23%) and compressed natural gas (0.4%). Electric and other categories each register less than 1%. About 32% of all electric trucks nationwide are in California, where for every electric truck there are about 300 diesel trucks (all years, Classes 3-8).

Diesel

Diesel Fleet Commercial District of Columbia

Aramco, KAUST team finds hybrid gasoline compression-ignition architecture can reduce GHG 26-55% vs. conventional SI

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2020

Researchers from Saudi Aramco and KAUST (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), with a colleague from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China, assessed the effects of adopting 4 hybrid architectures on the life-cycle GHG emissions of a novel high-reactivity fuel in an advanced compression-ignition engine (GCI). Abdul-Manan et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Emissions

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 5, 2023

Which are the alternative fuels for cars that could replace gasoline in vehicle? Are you aware of the most commonly used fuel in automobiles? The answer is petroleum fuels. The fossil fuels are highly significant in the global economy. The worlds’ energy requirements are mostly meet by these petroleum fuels.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric

EIA: US fossil fuel consumption fell by 9% in 2020, the lowest level in nearly 30 years

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2021

In 2020, total consumption of fossil fuels in the United States, including petroleum, natural gas, and coal, fell to 72.9 2020 marked the largest annual decrease in US fossil fuel consumption in both absolute and percentage terms since at least 1949, the earliest year in the EIA annual data series.

2020

2020 Fuel Coal Gas-Electric

Jaguar Land Rover expands Ingenium engine family with straight six-cylinder gasoline engine; MHEV 48V system; 20% more fuel efficient than outgoing V6

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 13, 2019

Jaguar Land Rover is expanding its Ingenium engine family with a new six-cylinder gasoline engine designed and engineered in-house, and manufactured at its £1-billion Engine Manufacturing Centre (EMC) in Wolverhampton, UK. The new Ingenium engine will be manufactured alongside the current four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines.

Land Rover

Land Rover Gasoline Engine Gasoline-Electric

PEUGEOT introduces new 48V hybrid technology

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2023

It will complement PEUGEOT’s already extensive family of electrified engines, including plug-in hybrid, 100% electric and fuel cell variants. In urban driving, a C-segment SUV equipped with the HYBRID system can thus operate more than 50% of the time in 100% zero-emission electric mode. 12 hp) of power.

Hybrid

Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Recharge

Bosch on importance of renewable synthetic fuels to reach climate goals; e-fuels

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 22, 2019

Electromobility is just now picking up momentum; further, electric cars are only as emissions-free as the production of electricity that charges their batteries. In addition, around half the vehicles that will be on the road in 2030 have already been sold—most with gasoline or diesel engines. Climate neutrality.

Renewable

Renewable Climate Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Nissan reaches 50% thermal efficiency with next-generation e-POWER system; STARC

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 26, 2021

Nissan announced a breakthrough in engine efficiency, reaching 50% thermal efficiency with its in-development, next-generation e-POWER system. Nissan’s e-POWER system utilizes an on-board gasoline engine to provide electrical energy to the e-powertrain battery pack. The STARC concept.

Nissan

Nissan Power Powered Gasoline-Electric

President Biden calls on Congress, States for fuel tax holiday; increase in refinery capacity

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2022

President Biden called on Congress to suspend the federal gas tax for the next 90 days, through the busy summer driving season—18 cents per gallon for gasoline and 24 cents per gallon for diesel. About half of US refinery shutdowns are conversions to renewable fuel production. As of 10 June, EIA reported 93.7%

Congress

Congress Fuel Tax Tax Fuel

Argonne releases new cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2022

Argonne National Laboratory has published a new cradle-to-grave (C2G) lifecycle analysis (LCA) of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a variety of vehicle-fuel pathways; the levelized cost of driving (LCD); and the cost of avoided GHG emissions.

Fuel

Fuel Vehicles PHEV Carbon

Toyota developing hydrogen combustion engine technologies through motorsports

Green Car Congress

APRIL 23, 2021

The first race will be the Super Taikyu Series 2021 Powered by Hankook Round 3 NAPAC Fuji Super TEC 24 Hours Race on 21-23 May. Fuel cell electrified vehicles (FCEVs) such as Toyota’s Mirai use a fuel cell in which hydrogen chemically reacts with oxygen in the air to produce electricity that powers an electric motor.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Toyota Engine Gasoline-Electric

Nissan launches Note e-POWER NISMO S in Japan

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2018

The Nissan Note e-POWER NISMO S has gone on sale in Japan, offering buyers of the country’s best-selling car more power and sportiness. With a maximum power of 100 kW and 320 N·m of torque, the model is a higher-spec version of the Nissan Note e-POWER NISMO, released in December 2016. a series hybrid.

Japan

Japan Nissan Power Powered

European project working to establish basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2020

A current research project is working to establish the technical basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe. The partners in the “Methanol Standard” project aim to pave way for the certification and market launch of methanol fuels. Hardware-in-the-loop test rig for the qualification of fuels. Photo: TEC4FUELS.

Standards

Standards Europe Fuel Gasoline-Electric

More than half of transit buses in the US were powered by alternative fuels and advanced technologies in 2018

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2019

According to the American Public Transit Association (APTA), alternative fuels and advanced hybrid drivetrains powered more than half of all transit buses in 2017 and 2018. Transit bus share by fuel type (CNG, LNG & Blends; Diesel; Diesel Hybrid; Gasoline; Biodiesel; and Other) from 1996 to 2018.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels 2018 Fuel Power

Ethanol-fueled solid oxide fuel cells with HEA internal reforming catalyst for transportation applications

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2023

Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Connecticut have demonstrated high-performance metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFC) with an integrated high entropy alloy (HEA) internal reforming catalyst (IRC) for transportation applications using ethanol and methanol as fuels. —Hu et al.

International

International Fuel Transportation Water

Nissan introduces e-POWER Sylphy in China; first of six e-POWER models in China by 2025

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2021

Nissan unveiled the e-POWER Sylphy, the first model equipped with the e-POWER series hybrid technology ( earlier post ) for customers in China. Nissan unveiled the e-POWER Sylphy, the first model equipped with the e-POWER series hybrid technology ( earlier post ) for customers in China. L/100 km (60 mpg US).

China

China Nissan Power Powered

DOE awarding combined $127M to 5 Supertruck 3 projects; battery-electric and fuel cell trucks

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 2, 2021

A second iteration, SuperTruck 2, sought to double fuel efficiency for 18-wheeler trucks. Volvo Group North America, LLC will develop a 400-mile-range Class-8 battery electric tractor-trailer with advanced aerodynamics, electric braking, EV optimized tires, automation and route planning. launched the SuperTruck Initiative?in

North America

North America Fuel Batteries Battery

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 12, 2017

For the last 18 months, a fleet of 6 methanol-fueled versions of the Geely Emgrand 7 cars have been in Iceland. The participants reported virtually no difference in driving experience compared to regular gasoline- or diesel-fueled cars. liter, 127 hp engine which can run on both 100% methanol (M100) and gasoline.

Iceland

Iceland CO2 Gasoline Renewable

New SEAT Leon first model of the brand to offer five different powertrain technologies: gasoline, diesel, MHEV, PHEV and CNG

Green Car Congress

MARCH 30, 2020

The all-new SEAT Leon offers five different powertrain technologies: gasoline (TSI); diesel (TDI); mild-hybrid (eTSI); plug-in hybrid (eHybrid); and compressed natural gas (TGI). In total, there are eleven different mechanical variants, with power outputs ranging from 90 PS with the 1.0 The most powerful version of the 1.0

Gasoline

Gasoline Diesel PHEV Gasoline-Electric

Large differences among the recent increases in the cost of powering gasoline, diesel, and electric vehicles

Nacero awards 20-year wind power purchase agreement to NextEra for natural gas-to-gasoline plant in Texas

New battery-electric vehicles take 5.7% share in Europe in Q1; hybrids 18.4%, gasoline 42.2% , diesel 23.2%

KAUST researchers show blending ammonia with DME yields low-carbon fuel with combustion properties similar to gasoline

LiquidPiston introduces XTS-210 25hp heavy-fueled rotary engine; 1/5th size & weight of current diesel piston engines of same power

Nissan introducing Serena with 2nd-generation e-POWER system in Japan

Bosch, Shell, and Volkswagen develop renewable gasoline with 20% lower CO2; rollout of Blue Gasoline this year

Prometheus CEO outlines tech advances that could make CO2-to-fuels renewable gasoline and jet price-competitive with fossil fuels

Report suggests low-speed electric vehicles could affect Chinese demand for gasoline and disrupt oil prices worldwide

LiquidPiston awarded $9M contract from DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory for compact efficient heavy-fueled rotary engine program

Student-built hydrogen Le Mans style prototype beats gasoline-powered cars in Supercar Challenge race

Kia introduces 5th-generation Sportage SUV; gasoline, diesel, HEV, PHEV

Nissan launches new Note Aura in Japan; enhanced e-POWER electrified powertrain

MIT team proposes flex-fuel gasoline-alcohol engine PHEV long-haul trucks

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

Nissan and Sunwoda jointly to study battery development for e-POWER vehicles

Toyota showcases experimental hydrogen-powered GR Yaris

Neste testing renewable gasoline in Sweden for possible commercialization internationally

FEV testing finds Transient Plasma ignition system increases fuel efficiency and decreases emissions

Nissan Note e-POWER orders more than double the monthly target

Researchers devise gasoline-fueled SOFC with high power density; potential for vehicles

Korean team develops 2L-class direct-injection hydrogen-fueled engine

INFINITI says new gasoline-generated EV system (Nissan e-POWER) central to electrification strategy

Allison Transmission introduces hydrogen fuel cell vehicle testing at VEET

Jaguar Land Rover produces more than 1.5M Ingenium engines; adds new straight-six diesel MHEV to family; fuel cell concept coming

DTF: Diesel dominates commercial truck, transit and school bus fleets in US

Aramco, KAUST team finds hybrid gasoline compression-ignition architecture can reduce GHG 26-55% vs. conventional SI

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

EIA: US fossil fuel consumption fell by 9% in 2020, the lowest level in nearly 30 years

Jaguar Land Rover expands Ingenium engine family with straight six-cylinder gasoline engine; MHEV 48V system; 20% more fuel efficient than outgoing V6

PEUGEOT introduces new 48V hybrid technology

Bosch on importance of renewable synthetic fuels to reach climate goals; e-fuels

Nissan reaches 50% thermal efficiency with next-generation e-POWER system; STARC

President Biden calls on Congress, States for fuel tax holiday; increase in refinery capacity

Argonne releases new cradle-to-grave lifecycle analysis of US LDV vehicle-fuel pathways

Toyota developing hydrogen combustion engine technologies through motorsports

Nissan launches Note e-POWER NISMO S in Japan

European project working to establish basis for standardization of methanol fuels in Europe

More than half of transit buses in the US were powered by alternative fuels and advanced technologies in 2018

Ethanol-fueled solid oxide fuel cells with HEA internal reforming catalyst for transportation applications

Nissan introduces e-POWER Sylphy in China; first of six e-POWER models in China by 2025

DOE awarding combined $127M to 5 Supertruck 3 projects; battery-electric and fuel cell trucks

Renewable-methanol fueled Geely cars in fleet testing in Iceland; 70% reduction in WTW CO2 compared to gasoline

New SEAT Leon first model of the brand to offer five different powertrain technologies: gasoline, diesel, MHEV, PHEV and CNG

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