Diesel, Exhaust, Gas and Power

Exhaust and aftertreatment on the Achates ULNOx heavy-duty opposed-piston diesel

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 28, 2020

Earlier this month, Achates Power announced that its innovative 3-cylinder, 10.6L opposed-piston (OP) heavy-duty diesel engine achieved Ultralow NO x (ULNO x ) performance results. In that mode, Achates was able to reduce NO x below the original target and increase exhaust temperatures further. Source: Achates Power.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Light Engine

Achates near-zero heavy-duty opposed-piston diesel enters fleet service; compliant with 2027 NOx levels

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2022

Achates Power announced that the 10.6-liter, liter, heavy-duty opposed-piston, three-cylinder diesel engine it developed in a project funded by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and several partners ( earlier post ) has entered fleet service with WALMART Corporation in a Peterbilt 579 tractor.

Diesel

Diesel Fleet Peterbilt Eaton

Optimized heavy-duty CI engine fueled with DME delivers diesel performance, significantly reduces engine-out emissions

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2023

The engine was also equipped with an electrically driven volumetric pump in the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) path which gives the freedom to set any desired EGR rate, independently from the pressure ratios across the turbocharger. EGR system consisting of an EGR cooler, an electrically driven EGR pump and respective piping.

Engine

Engine Emissions Diesel Fuel

Volkswagen 2.0 TDI diesel for Euro 6d; SCR twin-dosing

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2020

TDI diesel for Euro 6d; SCR twin-dosing. Volkswagen continues to refine its most important diesel engine, the 2.0-liter With SCR twin dosing technology in the exhaust gas system, the diesel unit now undercuts the Euro 6d emission standard limits while also running quietly and smoothly, according to the company.

Diesel

Diesel Exhaust Convert Emissions

Rolls-Royce supplying two mtu gas engines for first LNG-hybrid tugboat

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2021

Rolls-Royce is supplying two mtu 16V 4000 M55RN gas engines to Sembcorp Marine Integrated Yard for the construction of the first liquefied natural gas (LNG)-hybrid powered tug. This is the first LNG-hybrid tug to be powered by mtu gas engines. The new engines are part of Rolls-Royce’s Green and High-Tech program.

Gas

Gas Engine Hybrid Supplies

IAV develops new close-coupled diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment system for improved emissions reduction

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2017

IAV has developed a particularly closed-coupled diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment (EAT) system. Future diesel powertrains will need to be capable of meeting limit values that are even tighter than EU6. This way, exhaust gas flows through DOC and SCRF before it enters the turbine. Topology of the variants.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Gas Emissions

MAN Engines approves off-road engines for use with regenerative diesel/HVO

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2023

According to MAN Engines, all MAN off-road engines from the current product portfolio can be operated with regenerative diesel—also known as HVO (hydrogenated vegetable oil)—in accordance with the EN15940 standard in Europe or the US specification ASTM D975. Marine engines for regenerative diesel have already been approved.

Engine

Engine Diesel Exhaust Oil

Vitesco Technologies wins major order for electric heating elements for diesel catalytic converters in 48V MHEVs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2020

Vitesco Technologies, formerly (until September 2019) the Continental Powertrain Division, has won a major contract from an European vehicle manufacturer for the supply of innovative electric heating elements for diesel catalytic converters. In the Super Clean Electrified Diesel, the efficiency of exhaust gas aftertreatment rises to 97%.

Convert

Convert Diesel Exhaust Gas-Electric

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2021

“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. For our default assumptions (3.5% Even if true though, the use of blue hydrogen appears difficult to justify on climate grounds.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gas Coal Exhaust

Mercedes-Benz Trucks launching 3rd generation of OM 471 heavy-duty diesel

Green Car Congress

APRIL 8, 2022

Mercedes-Benz Trucks is introducing the third generation of its OM 471 heavy-duty diesel engine this year; the engine will deliver increased fuel efficiency and compliance with the strictest emissions standards such as Euro VIe. The high-power variant is also used in the lower performance levels for the construction applications of the Arocs.

Mercedes

Mercedes Diesel Oil Exhaust

New VW Golf now available to order with natural gas drive

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2020

The new VW Golf is now also available in certain markets with natural gas drive: the Golf TGI is equipped with a 1.5-liter liter four-cylinder engine with 96 kW / 130 PS and three natural gas fuel tanks. The tanks are integrated into the underbody and permit a range of around 400 kilometers (WLTP) in pure natural gas mode.

Gas

Gas Available Gasoline-Electric Gas-Electric

MAN Engines puts first dual-fuel hydrogen-powered engines for workboats into operation

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2022

MAN Engines recently put its first two dual-fuel hydrogen-powered engines for work boats into serial operation. The engines are twelve-cylinder diesel engines of type MAN D2862 LE448, each with an output of 749 kW (1019 hp) at 2100 rpm. The output, operating behaviour and other characteristics of the diesel engine remain unchanged.

Engine

Engine Hydrogen Fuel Power

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2022

In early 2020, UK-based independent testing firm Emissions Analytics published a study claiming that tire particulate wear emissions were 1,000 times worse than exhaust emissions ( earlier post ). x 10 11 #/km for diesels. On current trends, the ratio may well continue to increase. x 10 11 #/km for gasoline vehicles and 0.1

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Pollution Legal

Study finds diesel oxidation catalyst eliminates mutagenicity of diesel exhaust in gas phase

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2012

A team of researchers in Germany has found that the mutagenicity of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is eliminated in the gas phase by a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), but only slightly reduced in the particle phase. Diesel engine emissions (DEE) are classified as probably carcinogenic to humans.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Gas Emissions

Audi presents latest SQ5 TDI diesel; 48V MHEV & electric compressor

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2020

Audi has introduced the latest version of the SQ5 TDI diesel. The SQ5 TDI was first introduced in the fall of 2012 as the first Audi S model powered by a diesel engine. TDI develops its power earlier and more forcefully than before. This offers the advantage since exhaust gas cleaning responds more quickly.

Audi

Audi Diesel Exhaust Gas-Electric

MAN D3876 engine ensures high thrust and future-proofing in PistenBully 800; engine basis for possible H2 variant

Green Car Congress

APRIL 19, 2023

In addition to the MAN D4276 on the same platform, the MAN D3876 is the most powerful in-line six-cylinder engine in the portfolio of engine manufacturer MAN Engines. As a result, the currently most powerful PistenBully in the series portfolio achieves a unique thrust for the preparation of slopes. With a displacement of 15.3

Engine

Engine Future Exhaust Diesel

New SoCalGas truck loan program for fleets interested in switching from diesel to near-zero natural gas trucks

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2018

Southern California Gas Co. The program allows qualified fleet owners the opportunity to try out the latest in heavy-duty natural gas truck technology by test-driving a 12L near-zero truck. Additionally, fleet owners will see the advantages natural gas trucks have over diesel, including lower fuel costs.

Gas

Gas Fleet Diesel Los Angeles

Eaton leverages cylinder deactivation and exhaust thermal management technologies to reduce commercial vehicle emissions

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2021

Power management company Eaton’s Vehicle Group has demonstrated cylinder deactivation (CDA) as an effective technology for meeting future global emissions requirements for diesel-engine powered commercial vehicles. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Commission (EC) are slated for adoption in coming years.

Eaton

Eaton Emissions Exhaust Commercial

Mercedes begins sales of new 6-cylinder GLE diesel; first SUV in its class to meet Euro 6d

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 20, 2018

Mercedes-Benz has begun sales of two diesel models of the new GLE SUV which already comply with the coming Euro 6d emissions standard. The OM 656 six-cylinder diesel engine comes with 243 kW (330 hp) and 700 N·m of torque in the GLE 400 d 4MATIC (combined fuel consumption: 7.5-7.0

Diesel

Diesel Mercedes SUV Exhaust

IPG to demo Flameless Ceramic Turbine for clean, off-grid power in EV charging

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 1, 2020

Intelligent Power Generation (IPG) will demonstrate the impact of Flameless Ceramic Turbine technology in UK electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure, following a £1-million contract from Highways England. IPG‘s flameless combustor uses the turbine exhaust and high heat transfer effectiveness through the IPG regenerator unit.

Grid

Grid Clean Cleaning Power

Westport unveils proprietary enhanced spark-ignited natural gas system; up to 10% improvement in power and torque over diesel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 23, 2014

unveiled the first generation of its new, proprietary enhanced spark-ignited (ESI) natural gas system. Using 100% dedicated natural gas as fuel, Westport’s new technology optimizes the combustion and thermal efficiencies of the engine by taking advantages of the positive properties of natural gas. mono-fuel gas engine.

Diesel

Diesel Gas Fuel Economy Power

Volkswagen adds third tank to Polo and Golf natural gas models; new TGI engine for Golf

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2019

Volkswagen has equipped its natural gas models of the Polo TGI and Golf TGI with a third natural gas tank made of specially coated, high-strength steel. liters and extends the natural gas storage to 91.5 liters and extends the natural gas storage to 91.5 On the Polo with 1.0 liters in total, or 13.8 On the Polo with 1.0

Gas

Gas Engine Gasoline Exhaust

MAN 49/60DF successfully passes Type Approval Test

Green Car Congress

MARCH 30, 2023

The most recent addition to its four-stroke engine portfolio, the dual-fuel engine is capable of running on LNG, diesel and HFO as well as a number of more sustainable fuels including biofuel blends and synthetic natural gas. In diesel mode, it complies with Tier III when combined with MAN’s SCR system.

Diesel

Diesel Gas Mariner Engine

WinGD and HSD Engine collaborate to deliver methanol-fueled two-stroke engines

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 5, 2022

Swiss marine power company WinGD and Korean engine builder HSD Engine have initiated a Joint Development Project (JDP) to advance the development of WinGD’s methanol-fueled big-bore engines. Under the JDP, WinGD will oversee combustion and injection research, exhaust aftertreatment requirements and engine concept design.

Engine

Engine Fuel Mariner Diesel

ClearFlame Engine Technologies secures $17M in Series A financing

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2021

ClearFlame Engine Technologies , a startup developing net-zero engine technology ( earlier post ), has secured $17 million in Series A financing, which will enable commercialization of the company’s innovative engine technology for the long-haul trucking, agriculture and power generation sectors.

Financing

Financing Engine Iowa Diesel

ClearFlame Engine Technologies completes on-road demo of Class 8 truck with Cummins X15 running E98 ethanol

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2022

ClearFlame Engine Technologies, a a startup developing net-zero engine technology ( earlier post ), successfully completed an on-road demonstration of its proprietary technology that enables a heavy-duty truck diesel engine to operate on low-carbon and carbon-negative fuels, including 100% renewable plant-based fuels.

Engine

Engine Diesel Exhaust Fuel

In addition to 48V hybrid, VW presents new EA 288 Evo diesel 12V mild hybrid & TGI Evo natural gas engines

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2018

Volkswagen showcased three new drive systems at the Vienna Motor Symposium: the new 48 V mild hybrid system that will debut on the eighth-generation Golf in 2019 ( earlier post ); new high-tech diesel engines that will also be available as hybrid variants; and an advanced natural gas engine. TDI diesel engine (EA288 Evo).

Hybrid

Hybrid Gas Diesel Engine

Rolls-Royce Power Systems road map for climate-neutrality; 35% cut by 2030 from 2019; key role of mtu engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 22, 2021

Rolls-Royce Power Systems has outlined its road map for climate neutrality: Net Zero@Power Systems. By 2030, the Rolls-Royce business unit is to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 35% compared to its 2019 level through the use of new net zero and zero carbon technologies. This is not yet relevant for Rolls-Royce applications.

2019

2019 Engine Climate Power

WinGD and HHI-EMD extend collaboration to develop sustainable two-stroke engine technology

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2021

Marine engine designer and power system integrator WinGD and engine builder Hyundai Heavy Industries’ Engine Machinery Division (HHI-EMD) will strengthen their collaboration by partnering to develop environmentally sustainable two-stroke engine technology. Up to 5g/kWh fuel consumption reduction in diesel mode. development.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Gas Mariner

Empa and partners exploring DME as fuel with new heavy-duty test engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 30, 2020

The diesel engine on the Empa test facility was tuned to DME. In contrast to diesel, the highly volatile DME has almost no lubricating qualities, which can quickly destroy the high-pressure pump of a common rail injection system. An electrically driven compressor for precise exhaust gas recirculation is also used.

Engine

Engine Fuel Exhaust Gas-Electric

Westport and Scania preliminary testing shows H? HPDI delivers peak BTE of 51.5% at mid-load

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 27, 2022

Westport’s HPDI fuel system technology enables heavy-duty trucks to operate on natural gas with the same power, torque, efficiency, and performance as diesel engines. Scania’s engine fulfils the strictest exhaust emission requirements with low fuel consumption and high torque. H2 HPDI operates the system with hydrogen.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Exhaust Diesel Engine

Audi’s mighty diesel: SQ8 TDI SUV coupé; 48V MHEV

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2019

Audi’s sporty top model of the Q family, the SQ8 TDI SUV coupé, features a biturbo V8 TDI diesel that delivers 435 metric hp, 900 NN·mm (663.8 liter V8 TDI Biturbo engine with electric powered compressor (EPC). The biturbo V8 in the Audi SQ8 TDI is the most powerful passenger car diesel engine on the European market.

Diesel

Diesel SUV Audi Exhaust

UNFI adding 53 all-electric TRUs to California fleet

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2021

The all-electric TRU achieves zero-emission results by using a high efficiency refrigeration system powered by roof-mounted solar photovoltaic panels, a wheel-momentum generator, lithium-ion batteries, and a unique auxiliary power unit to eliminate the requirement for diesel fuel to power the refrigeration system.

All-Electric

All-Electric Fleet California Lithium Ion

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2023

The levels of these non-fuel-derived gases will likely remain unchanged, even as more drivers transition from gas-powered to electric vehicles. Cars’ average carbon dioxide emissions have dropped by 25% since the early 2000s, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but this gas only accounts for part of the total.

Emissions

Emissions Exhaust Cars Ozone

Mercedes-Benz Vito gets OM 654 four-cylinder diesel engine

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2019

Mercedes-Benz is expanding Vito van range with enhancements including new high-torque four-cylinder diesel engines for the Vito Tourer with passenger car approval. In comparison to the predecessor, the new OM 654 diesel engine range reduces emissions and fuel consumption while also optimizing noise and vibration comfort.

Mercedes

Mercedes Diesel Engine Exhaust

Nonthermal plasma torch reforming of exhaust gas for NOx trap regeneration

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2011

Researchers from the Center for Energy and Processes (CEP), MINES ParisTec, and Renault are exploring the non-catalytic reforming of diesel fuel with diesel engine exhaust gas (i.e. An alternative to the catalytic exhaust gas reforming of diesel fuel method is presented in this paper and consists of using an NTP torch.

Exhaust

Exhaust Gas Diesel Gas-Electric

Mazda starts US pre-orders for diesel 2019 Mazda CX-5

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2019

Mazda Motor Corporation announced at the New York International Auto Show that it has begun accepting pre-orders for the diesel-powered 2019 Mazda CX-5 in the US market. It is the first time Mazda has offered a diesel-powered passenger car in the US market. The 2019 CX-5 Signature AWD with Skyactiv-D 2.2 The Skyactiv-D 2.2

Mazda

Mazda 2019 Diesel MPG

Mercedes OM 656 diesel now available in G-Class in G 350 d

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 24, 2018

Mercedes-Benz has expanded the powertrain line-up of its new G-Class with an efficient diesel variant. l/100 km; combined CO 2 emissions: 259-252 g/km) is equipped with an OM 656 diesel( earlier post ). This heats up the exhaust system without driving up fuel consumption. The new G 350 d (fuel consumption, combined: 9.8-9.6

Diesel

Diesel Mercedes Available Exhaust

Eaton and Cummins Westport launch first automated transmission/natural gas engine package for N.A. Market; expanding SmartAdvantage diesel packages

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2014

and Westport Innovations (NASDAQ: WPRT/TSX: WPT), are introducing an integrated powertrain package for the Cummins Westport ISX12 G natural gas engine that will provide customers with the first automated transmission to be paired with a spark-ignited natural gas engine in the North American market. Natural gas package.

Eaton

Eaton Gas Diesel Engine

New 1.6L diesel in 2018 Chevrolet Equinox related to Opel’s 1.6L CDTi Whisper Diesel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 24, 2016

liter diesel engine to be offered in the US in the 2018 Equinox ( earlier post ) is similar to Opel’s 1.6L CDTi Whisper Diesel ( earlier post ) in Europe, and is derived from a common Italian-German-American medium diesel engine design, according to GM. for the Equinox also includes GM’s latest diesel particulate filter system.

Diesel

Diesel 2018 Exhaust Chevrolet

Jülich evaluation of power-to-fuels recommends DME, OME3-5 and n-alkanes as diesel substitutes

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2017

An evaluation of the implementation possibilities of power-to-fuel (PTF) technologies by a team from Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH in Germany recommends the PTF products DME, OME 3-5 and n-alkanes as suitable diesel alternatives for the transportation sector. In addition, fossil diesel would no longer be required. Schemme et al.

Diesel

Diesel Fuel Power Powered

A closer look at the basics of Volkswagen Group’s important new 2.0L diesel MDB engine

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2014

liter diesel, prominently showing the closely attached exhaust aftertreatment system. liter TDI diesel (EA288) will eventually replace all the 2.0-liter liter TDI Clean Diesel engines fitted in Audi and Volkswagen TDI Clean Diesel models, and as such, is a strategically important engine. The new MDB EA288 diesel.

Diesel

Diesel Engine Exhaust Water

Audi’s performance SQ5 diesel features electric compressor with mild hybrid system

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2019

The new Audi SQ5 TDI diesel features a powerful V6 engine with a mild hybrid systems and an electric powered compressor to ensure that maximum torque is available to the sporty SUV at just above idle. The V6 diesel accelerates the sports SUV to highway speed in 5.1 liters of diesel per 100 kilometers (35.6 – 34.6

Diesel

Diesel Hybrid Audi Lithium Ion

ETH Zürich team developing light-duty natural gas-diesel hybrid electric powertrain; 43 g/km CO2

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2013

Consumption measurements of the dual-fuel natural gas-diesel engine as a function of speed and load. Researchers at ETH Zürich have developed a light-duty hybrid electric vehicle featuring a dual-fuel natural gas-diesel engine. earlier post ) and Clean Air Power (e.g., earlier post ) and Clean Air Power (e.g.,

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Diesel Gas Light

Exhaust and aftertreatment on the Achates ULNOx heavy-duty opposed-piston diesel

Achates near-zero heavy-duty opposed-piston diesel enters fleet service; compliant with 2027 NOx levels

Optimized heavy-duty CI engine fueled with DME delivers diesel performance, significantly reduces engine-out emissions

Volkswagen 2.0 TDI diesel for Euro 6d; SCR twin-dosing

Rolls-Royce supplying two mtu gas engines for first LNG-hybrid tugboat

IAV develops new close-coupled diesel exhaust gas aftertreatment system for improved emissions reduction

MAN Engines approves off-road engines for use with regenerative diesel/HVO

Vitesco Technologies wins major order for electric heating elements for diesel catalytic converters in 48V MHEVs

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Mercedes-Benz Trucks launching 3rd generation of OM 471 heavy-duty diesel

New VW Golf now available to order with natural gas drive

MAN Engines puts first dual-fuel hydrogen-powered engines for workboats into operation

New Emissions Analytics study suggests pollution from tire wear now 1,850 times worse than exhaust emissions

Study finds diesel oxidation catalyst eliminates mutagenicity of diesel exhaust in gas phase

Audi presents latest SQ5 TDI diesel; 48V MHEV & electric compressor

MAN D3876 engine ensures high thrust and future-proofing in PistenBully 800; engine basis for possible H2 variant

New SoCalGas truck loan program for fleets interested in switching from diesel to near-zero natural gas trucks

Eaton leverages cylinder deactivation and exhaust thermal management technologies to reduce commercial vehicle emissions

Mercedes begins sales of new 6-cylinder GLE diesel; first SUV in its class to meet Euro 6d

IPG to demo Flameless Ceramic Turbine for clean, off-grid power in EV charging

Westport unveils proprietary enhanced spark-ignited natural gas system; up to 10% improvement in power and torque over diesel

Volkswagen adds third tank to Polo and Golf natural gas models; new TGI engine for Golf

MAN 49/60DF successfully passes Type Approval Test

WinGD and HSD Engine collaborate to deliver methanol-fueled two-stroke engines

ClearFlame Engine Technologies secures $17M in Series A financing

ClearFlame Engine Technologies completes on-road demo of Class 8 truck with Cummins X15 running E98 ethanol

In addition to 48V hybrid, VW presents new EA 288 Evo diesel 12V mild hybrid & TGI Evo natural gas engines

Rolls-Royce Power Systems road map for climate-neutrality; 35% cut by 2030 from 2019; key role of mtu engines

WinGD and HHI-EMD extend collaboration to develop sustainable two-stroke engine technology

Empa and partners exploring DME as fuel with new heavy-duty test engine

Westport and Scania preliminary testing shows H? HPDI delivers peak BTE of 51.5% at mid-load

Audi’s mighty diesel: SQ8 TDI SUV coupé; 48V MHEV

UNFI adding 53 all-electric TRUs to California fleet

UK researchers report that alcohols in windshield washer fluid are major unreported source of VOCs emissions from cars, including EVs

Mercedes-Benz Vito gets OM 654 four-cylinder diesel engine

Nonthermal plasma torch reforming of exhaust gas for NOx trap regeneration

Mazda starts US pre-orders for diesel 2019 Mazda CX-5

Mercedes OM 656 diesel now available in G-Class in G 350 d

Eaton and Cummins Westport launch first automated transmission/natural gas engine package for N.A. Market; expanding SmartAdvantage diesel packages

New 1.6L diesel in 2018 Chevrolet Equinox related to Opel’s 1.6L CDTi Whisper Diesel

Jülich evaluation of power-to-fuels recommends DME, OME3-5 and n-alkanes as diesel substitutes

A closer look at the basics of Volkswagen Group’s important new 2.0L diesel MDB engine

Audi’s performance SQ5 diesel features electric compressor with mild hybrid system

ETH Zürich team developing light-duty natural gas-diesel hybrid electric powertrain; 43 g/km CO2

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