Comparison, Exhaust, Range and Universal

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. urea-water solution—is injected into the exhaust stream and ideally decomposes to form ammonia, which reacts with NO x on the SCR catalyst to form N 2 and H 2 O. DEF—a 32.5

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Credit: ACS, Thiruvengadam et al. Click to enlarge.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007

U Delaware team develops prototype efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for transportation

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

A team at the University of Delaware has demonstrated a direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) prototype with a peak power density of 135 mW cm -2 at 80 ?C. Carbon-neutral fuels are needed for sustainable transportation to overcome the range and recharge limitations of batteries and the scale limitations of biofuels. —Zhao et al.

Delaware

Delaware Transportation Fuel Hydrogen

EU investing >€3M in research into ultra-efficient aero engines; ULTIMATE project

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2016

Core exhaust loss. The “Core exhaust” loss is primarily due to thermal energy lost to the surroundings, although some excess kinetic energy and fluid friction associated pressure losses contribute as well. Core exhaust loss. Bypass flow loss.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Concept France

Ricardo forms company to commercialize cryogenic split-cycle engine: CryoPower

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2018

The Ricardo CryoPower split-cycle engine concept redefines the processes of internal combustion to enable significantly improved internal thermal efficiency in comparison with today’s state-of-the-art engines. CryoPower is based on the use of a separate induction and compression cylinder from that used for combustion and exhaust.

Commercial

Commercial Engine Companies Fuel

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

A study of emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles in an urban near-road environment in Toronto over a wide range of weather conditions (February 2014 to January 2015) found that—other than for NO x and CO—the GDI engines had elevated emissions compared to the Toronto fleet.

Environment

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014

Michigan State University Receives $2.5M ARPA-E Award to Build Wave Disc Engine/Generator for Series Hybrid Applications

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

Researchers from Michigan State University have been awarded $2.5 Our goal is to enable hyper-efficient hybrid vehicles to meet consumer needs for a 500-mile driving range, lower vehicle prices, full-size utility, improved highway performance and very low operating costs. Source: MSU. Click to enlarge. Norbert Müller.

Michigan

Michigan Engine Universal Hybrid

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2012

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) derived from oleaginous microbes—microalgae, yeast, and bacteria—can effectively displace both petroleum diesel and biodiesel produced from plant oils, according to the findings of a new study by a team from Utah State University. Plant-based oils, commonly used to produce biodiesel (e.g.,

Diesel

Diesel Oil Fuel Exhaust

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2016

A range of aftertreatment technology options are available to automakers seeking to achieve compliance with the impending EU Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations, according to the results of a Ricardo research project presented recently at the SIA Powertrain international conference and exhibition in Rouen, France. Click to enlarge.

Light

Light Diesel Price Exhaust

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal

NC State study finds non-FFV vehicles can adapt to mid-level ethanol blend

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

A study by a team from North Carolina State University, with colleagues from the Urban Air Initiative and 3DATX Corporation, has shown that non-FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles) can adapt to a mid-level ethanol blend—specifically E27. The study was commissioned by the Urban Air Initiative. — Yuan et al. Weichang Yuan, H.

Vehicles

Vehicles Emissions North Carolina Gasoline

Advances in the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2011

A collaboration including researchers from Boston College, MIT, the University of Virginia and Clemson University have achieved a peak ZT (thermoelectric figure of merit) of 0.8 for the materials and possibly good enough for consideration for waste heat recovery in automotive exhaust systems. The study by Yan et al.

Conversion

Conversion Boston Waste Universal

Transonic Looking at Final Funding Round This Year, Production Deployment of Supercritical Fuel System in 2014; 50-75% Improvement in Engine Fuel Economy

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2010

TSCi combustion minimizes heat loss to the cylinder walls and in the exhaust. The TSCi injectors can work with a range of fuels (given appropriate software adjustment and control). Researchers at Syracuse University are working on a method to prepare, inject and combust supercritical diesel fuel. Source: Transonic.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Fuel Economy Engine

German team develops novel technique to determine fuel quality in plug-in hybrids

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2017

Volvo V60, Audi Q7 e-tron quattro, Peugeot 508 RXH Hybrid4, Range Rover SDV6 Hybrid Diesel). Problems due to aged fuels can occur at the fuel pump, injection systems or exhaust aftertreatment. An antagonistic effect was found in the range of 15 to 22.5% The increased viscosity leads to poorer nebulization during injection.

Plug-in

Plug-in Plug Fuel Hybrid

UW-Madison engineer collaborating with entrepreneur on 6-cycle, external combustion engine; could be up to 30% more efficient than standard diesel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

As an external combustion engine, it can be powered by a wide range of liquid and gaseous fuels. The K6 engine uses six strokes instead of four to reduce the pressure of exhaust gases, which allows it to harvest more energy rather than expelling it with the gas. —Timothy Shedd. —Tim Shedd.

Engine

Engine Diesel Standards Exhaust

Study finds use of high cetane fuel reduces all primary pollutants under advanced diesel combustion mode

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2011

Comparison of optimized start of injection of advanced diesel combustion for brake thermal efficiency, NO x , PM, THC, and CO of diesel (open bar); HTFT (gray bar); and LTFT (black bar) fuels. THC and CO as well as NO x and PM—according to research by a team from The Pennsylvania State University. Credit: ACS, Lilik and Boehman.

Diesel

Diesel Pollution Fuel Emissions

Norway-US Project Developing Diesel/Biodiesel, Cool Flame Reformer and Solid-Acid Fuel Cell APU

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2010

The conditions whether cool flames can be stabilised or not is related to the heat release of the pre-reactions in comparison to the heat losses of the system. NPS acquired licensing rights to the cool flame reformer technology developed at RWTH Aachen University in the late 1990s. —Hartmann et al.

Norway

Norway Diesel Fuel Hydrogen

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

In 2010, The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected Delphi, along with partners Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc (HATCI); Wisconsin Engine Research Consultants (WERC); and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) for a $7.48-million Earlier post , earlier post.). Earlier post.)

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Hydrous ethanol (also sometimes known as azeotropic ethanol) typically ranges from 186 proof (93% ethanol, 7% water) to 192 proof (96% ethanol, 4% water). The result is more efficient combustion, cooler running engines, lower exhaust temperatures, and increased longevity of engine life.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

First results from HEI/ACES murine study find few biologic effects from exposure to exhaust from new technology diesel engines

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2012

The few effects that were reported for the rats were mild hyperplasia (cell proliferation) in the lungs and slightly reduced lung function, and were most consistent with exposure to nitrogen oxides in the engine exhaust, which are being further reduced under 2010 US EPA standards now in effect.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Credit: ACS, Chin et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

NREL review of E15 effects on MY2001 and later cars finds no meaningful differences with E10

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 13, 2013

The main conclusions of NREL’s analysis were: Several of the studies tested relatively large numbers of engines or vehicles, including the Coordinating Research Council’s (CRC) engine durability study (28 engines); the University of Minnesota’s in-use fleet study (80 vehicles); and the US DOE’s catalyst durability study (82 vehicles).

2001

2001 Minnesota Cars Emissions

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

The study, by a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Georgia, Aerodyne Research, California Air Resources Board (ARB), Ohio State University, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. —Saliba et al. May, Greg T. Drozd, Allen H.

Fleet

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy

Penn State, U Mich team characterizes soot generated by low-temperature diesel combustion

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2016

Researchers from Penn State and the University of Michigan have characterized the nanostructure and oxidative reactivity of soot generated by a light-duty turbodiesel engine operating under a dilute, low-temperature combustion process referred to as high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC). —Yehliu et al.

Diesel

Diesel Exhaust Engine Emissions

CMU team identifies IVOCs emissions from on-road gasoline vehicles and small off-road engines as important SOA precursors

Green Car Congress

APRIL 10, 2016

A team from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) has characterized the intermediate volatility organic compound (IVOC) emissions from on-road gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) and small off-road gasoline engines (SOREs). There are also differences in the IVOC composition and volatility distribution of gasoline and diesel exhaust. Gordon et al.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Engine Exhaust

SAE REX: PHEVs and REEVs could open door for advanced combustion regime engines

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2016

What if that ICE is now operating in a very narrow range, powering the electric vehicle? The category of LTC spans a range of specific technologies; these are of great interest as they promise to improve fuel economy, and reduce NO x and soot emissions by improving the in-cylinder combustion process. in the HWFET driving cycle.

PHEV

PHEV Engine Fuel Economy Economy

Microcab to Source 10 High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells from Serenergy for Vehicle Demonstrators

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2010

Serenus HTPEM fuel cells have a higher internal operating temperature of 150 °C or more, enabling them to operate over a wider range of environmental temperatures, and to use less pure hydrogen fuel. In Serenergy’s case more than 90% of the waste-heat leaves the fuel cell system through the exhaust-pipe and is therefore easy to utilize.

Fuel

Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen Waste

Lotus Omnivore Engine Shows Up To 10% Better Fuel Economy Than Spray-Guided GDI Engines; Achieves HCCI At Extremely Light Loads

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2009

Comparison of fuel consumption of Omnivore, homogeneous Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) and Spray-Guided GDI engines. Traditionally, this has been challenging but this combustion process results in ultra low emissions and has been achieved over a wide range of engine operating conditions, even from cold start. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Engine Light Fuel

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

The alternative-fuel car evolved to reduce exhaust emissions and other problems derived from burning fossil fuels. In this paper PHEV refers solely to the long-range PHEV of 60 miles (100 km) electric-only range.) (In this paper PHEV refers solely to the long-range PHEV of 60 miles (100 km) electric-only range.)

PHEV

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy

Boosted HCCI Explored at SAE 2010 World Congress

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2010

While homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines can offer both high efficiency and low emissions (NO x and PM), commercial automotive application continues to face the challenge of a limited operating range. The larger turbocharger increases the pumping work since it cannot be run efficiently by the exhaust gases.

2010

2010 Congress Gasoline Engine

OPOC maker Achates Power now concept-ready; ready to develop multi-cylinder engines for competitive demonstrations

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2011

of fuel over the majority of the operating range. An external air compressor feeds compressed air to the conditioning unit where it is mixed with exhaust gas. A cost comparison showed an 11% cost improvement for the OP engine compared to a four-stroke diesel of equivalent power. Advanced technologies. what we are doing.

Engine

Engine Concept Power Powered

EV Driven

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

U Delaware team develops prototype efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for transportation

EU investing >€3M in research into ultra-efficient aero engines; ULTIMATE project

Ricardo forms company to commercialize cryogenic split-cycle engine: CryoPower

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Michigan State University Receives $2.5M ARPA-E Award to Build Wave Disc Engine/Generator for Series Hybrid Applications

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

NC State study finds non-FFV vehicles can adapt to mid-level ethanol blend

Advances in the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials

Transonic Looking at Final Funding Round This Year, Production Deployment of Supercritical Fuel System in 2014; 50-75% Improvement in Engine Fuel Economy

German team develops novel technique to determine fuel quality in plug-in hybrids

UW-Madison engineer collaborating with entrepreneur on 6-cycle, external combustion engine; could be up to 30% more efficient than standard diesel

Study finds use of high cetane fuel reduces all primary pollutants under advanced diesel combustion mode

Norway-US Project Developing Diesel/Biodiesel, Cool Flame Reformer and Solid-Acid Fuel Cell APU

Promising Delphi 1st-gen Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition engine meeting ultra fuel efficient program targets

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

First results from HEI/ACES murine study find few biologic effects from exposure to exhaust from new technology diesel engines

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

NREL review of E15 effects on MY2001 and later cars finds no meaningful differences with E10

Study finds fleet switch from PFI to GDI engines will result in net reduction in global warming

Penn State, U Mich team characterizes soot generated by low-temperature diesel combustion

CMU team identifies IVOCs emissions from on-road gasoline vehicles and small off-road engines as important SOA precursors

SAE REX: PHEVs and REEVs could open door for advanced combustion regime engines

Microcab to Source 10 High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells from Serenergy for Vehicle Demonstrators

Lotus Omnivore Engine Shows Up To 10% Better Fuel Economy Than Spray-Guided GDI Engines; Achieves HCCI At Extremely Light Loads

Using the PHEV (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) to Transition Society Seamlessly and Profitably From Fossil Fuel to 100% Renewable Energy

Boosted HCCI Explored at SAE 2010 World Congress

OPOC maker Achates Power now concept-ready; ready to develop multi-cylinder engines for competitive demonstrations

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