Green Car Congress

MARCH 23, 2021

The University of Nebraska’s Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering recently released results of a study of 50 non-flex fuel vehicles from the State of Nebraska to determine the adaptability, economic feasibility, and environmental impact of using E30 (30% ethanol blend). sensor readings for the two conditions were similar.

Nebraska 225

Nebraska Fuel Vehicles Exhaust 225

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2020

Now—almost five years later—a study by the University of York and Empa shows that the retrofitting was successful from an environmental point of view. Stuart Grange works in Empa’s Air Pollution/Environmental Technology Laboratory and also at the Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories at the University of York.

Diesel 207

Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions 207

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2020

This puffy line is not just exhaust from the engine, but a change in the clouds that’s caused by small airborne particles of pollution. New research led by the University of Washington (UW) is the first to measure this phenomenon’s effect over years and at a regional scale. Michael Diamond/University of Washington. C, or 1.8 ?F,

Emissions 223

Emissions Pollution 2003 Climate 223

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2016

Core exhaust loss. The “Core exhaust” loss is primarily due to thermal energy lost to the surroundings, although some excess kinetic energy and fluid friction associated pressure losses contribute as well. Core exhaust loss. Bypass flow loss.

Engine 150

Engine Exhaust Concept France 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 24, 2016

A research team from Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and the University of Applied Sciences Bern, Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control, reports that ethanol blending appeared to reduce genotoxic emissions from a flex-fuel Euro-5 gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle (a Volvo V60 with a 1.6

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Exhaust Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2013

Rolf Reitz of the University of Wisconsin found that reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) ( earlier post ) in a light-duty engine can meet Tier 2 Bin 5 NO x levels without aftertreatment, while offering a 4% improvement in fuel consumption and 7.3% A study by Sage Kokjohn, Senior Engineer in Combustion Research at Cummins Inc.,

Light 207

Light Engine Wisconsin Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2018

The Ricardo CryoPower split-cycle engine concept redefines the processes of internal combustion to enable significantly improved internal thermal efficiency in comparison with today’s state-of-the-art engines. CryoPower is based on the use of a separate induction and compression cylinder from that used for combustion and exhaust.

Commercial 199

Commercial Engine Companies Fuel 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

Researchers from Michigan State University have been awarded $2.5 The WDG also can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 95 percent in comparison to modern internal combustion vehicle engines. Since heat release increases pressure inside the channel, opening the outer channel end generates an outflow of the exhaust gases.

Michigan 316

Michigan Engine Universal 2004 316

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

A team at the University of Delaware has demonstrated a direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) prototype with a peak power density of 135 mW cm -2 at 80 ?C. Source-to-Tank cost comparison of carbon-neutral transportation fuels. A paper on the work is published in the journal Joule. —Zhao et al. Zhao et al.

Delaware 278

Delaware Transportation Fuel Hydrogen 278

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

In four campaigns over the year-long study, the team from the University of Toronto measured emissions 15 meters from the roadway, then converted the measurements to fuel-based emission factors (EFs). Hence, GDI PM mass loadings and chemical composition may vary depending on the measurement environment or exhaust conditioning.

Environment 150

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2012

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) derived from oleaginous microbes—microalgae, yeast, and bacteria—can effectively displace both petroleum diesel and biodiesel produced from plant oils, according to the findings of a new study by a team from Utah State University. Plant-based oils, commonly used to produce biodiesel (e.g.,

Diesel 316

Diesel Oil Fuel Exhaust 316

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Ricardo and the University of Brighton will model and evaluate an advanced split-cycle combustion system aimed at substantially reducing the carbon emissions of heavy-duty vehicles.

Exhaust 285

Exhaust Concept Vehicles Engine 285

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin 225

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2013

The most significant compositional difference between the exhaust PM from combustion of the 2 fuels was the ratio of polar to non-polar species: 46% assigned polar for B0 vs 68% polar compounds for the B20 fuel. We are unaware of previous studies reporting this type of comparison of the exhaust PM.

B0 210

B0 Diesel Emissions Exhaust 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2011

A collaboration including researchers from Boston College, MIT, the University of Virginia and Clemson University have achieved a peak ZT (thermoelectric figure of merit) of 0.8 for the materials and possibly good enough for consideration for waste heat recovery in automotive exhaust systems. The study by Yan et al.

Conversion 231

Conversion Boston Waste Universal 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2015

A DFC stack can thus be used as a carbon purification membrane—transferring CO 2 from a dilute oxidant stream to a more concentrated fuel exhaust stream, allowing the CO 2 to be easily and affordably removed for sequestration or industrial use. Most of the hydrogen is consumed in the anode power production reaction. Alstom Power Inc.

Fuel 150

Fuel Coal CO2 Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

A study by a team from North Carolina State University, with colleagues from the Urban Air Initiative and 3DATX Corporation, has shown that non-FFVs (flexible-fuel vehicles) can adapt to a mid-level ethanol blend—specifically E27. The study was commissioned by the Urban Air Initiative. — Yuan et al. Weichang Yuan, H.

Vehicles 284

Vehicles Emissions North Carolina Gasoline 284

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2016

The cost comparison is with respect to a Euro 5 baseline. For premium applications where inter-service reductant fill would be unacceptable—or where two-stage boosting adds to the complexity of exhaust temperature control—the combination of LNT and actively dosed SCR is likely to be attractive. Click to enlarge.

Light 150

Light Diesel Price Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

A team at the Engine Research Center (ERC), University of Wisconsin-Madison has demonstrated the viability of reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) in a two-stroke engine. Earlier post.) A paper on their work is published in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering.

Engine 150

Engine Wisconsin Automobile Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Recuperator to transfer heat from exhaust gas to compressed air. The concept of the Ricardo Split-Cycle engine. Source: Neville Jackson. Click to enlarge.

Engine 249

Engine Fuel Vehicles Waste 249

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2010

TSCi combustion minimizes heat loss to the cylinder walls and in the exhaust. Researchers at Syracuse University are working on a method to prepare, inject and combust supercritical diesel fuel. The Syracuse team, for example, is using exhaust gas heat to help bring the fuel to SC states.) Source: Transonic. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 297

Fuel Economy Fuel Economy Engine 297

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2017

Problems due to aged fuels can occur at the fuel pump, injection systems or exhaust aftertreatment. For purposes of comparison, the FTIR signal was measured, which correlates with the sensor signal. Fuel pump and injection system are very sensitive to an increase in viscosity due to oligomerization. —Eskiner et al.

Plug-in 150

Plug-in Plug Fuel Hybrid 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2011

The K6 engine uses six strokes instead of four to reduce the pressure of exhaust gases, which allows it to harvest more energy rather than expelling it with the gas. Complete combustion of fuels results in low emissions which are not adversely affected by sulfur-containing fuels. —Timothy Shedd. —Tim Shedd.

Engine 186

Engine Diesel Standards Exhaust 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2009

Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser and Peter Gehr from the University of Bern, Switzerland, and Michael Riediker from the Institute for Work and Health, Lausanne, Switzerland, worked with a team of researchers to study the effects of brake particles on cultured lung cells placed in a chamber close to the axle of a car.

Switzerland 186

Switzerland Cars Exhaust Pollution 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 4, 2009

ORNL is working with a number of university partners (Texas A&M University, University of Wisconsin, Illinois Institute of Technology, University of Alabama, University of Michigan, Dearborn) on the project, as well as Delphi on the catalyst side, a not-for-profit R&D institution, and an unnamed OEM.

Engine 150

Engine Exhaust Concept Universal 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2016

A study by researchers from the University of Denver and the University of Puget Sound indicates that high-mileage light-duty fleets contribute higher emissions and emissions share than expected based on their actual numbers in the fleet. In their study, Bishop et al.

Emissions 150

Emissions Fleet Light Taxi 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2009

To keep the maximum power and thus satisfy the consumer’s drivability demands, the engine is highly supercharged by a turbocharger—which exploits the exhaust gas enthalpy as an energy source, and which boosts the to the desired levels. This also halves frictional losses and increases the engine’s average efficiency. Dönitz et al.

Hybrid 199

Hybrid Engine Downsizing 2009 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2013

Comparison between estimated EI BC and measured EI BC derived FOA3 (black open box), the FOA3 approach with the updated SN-CI correlation (blue triangle), and estimates obtained from the new FOX method (red circle) that are not dependent on SN. Credit: ACS, Stettler et al. Click to enlarge. These are a factor of ?2.7 near the ground).

Emissions 199

Emissions Standards Carbon Exhaust 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2017

Exposure to air pollution on city streets is enough to counter the beneficial health effects of exercise in adults over 60, according to new research led by Imperial College London and Duke University. By comparison, a walk along Oxford Street led to only a small increase in lung capacity in participants, far lower than recorded in the park.

London 150

London Pollution Environment Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2009

Comparisons of NO x , CO, soot, and engine brake power using different PS blends with the factory-set injection timings. Researchers at Iowa State University are proposing dissolving waste polystyrene (PS) in biodiesel for use as a diesel engine fuel as a mechanism for energy recovery from the waste plastic. Credit: ACS. Credit: ACS.

Waste 207

Waste Energy Iowa Diesel 207

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2011

Comparison of optimized start of injection of advanced diesel combustion for brake thermal efficiency, NO x , PM, THC, and CO of diesel (open bar); HTFT (gray bar); and LTFT (black bar) fuels. THC and CO as well as NO x and PM—according to research by a team from The Pennsylvania State University. Credit: ACS, Lilik and Boehman.

Diesel 236

Diesel Pollution Fuel Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2010

Terrestrial bioenergy feedstock crops such as switchgrass, canola and corn have lower environmental lifecycle impacts than algae in energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water regardless of cultivation location, according to a new lifecycle assessment by researchers at the University of Virginia. Clarens et al. Clarens, Eleazer P.

Water 218

Water Waste Energy Emissions 218

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2010

The conditions whether cool flames can be stabilised or not is related to the heat release of the pre-reactions in comparison to the heat losses of the system. NPS acquired licensing rights to the cool flame reformer technology developed at RWTH Aachen University in the late 1990s. —Hartmann et al.

Norway 199

Norway Diesel Fuel Hydrogen 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2021

building HVAC exhaust) and from natural fluids (e.g., Most contemporary DAC approaches utilize energy poorly, as evident by second-law efficiencies for CO 2 separation of 1 to 9% (for comparison, post-combustion capture from coal exhaust attains second-law efficiencies greater than 20%). Energy Transfer Mechanisms.

Carbon 360

Carbon Exhaust Water Energy 360

Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2014

In 2010, The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected Delphi, along with partners Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc (HATCI); Wisconsin Engine Research Consultants (WERC); and the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) for a $7.48-million Earlier post , earlier post.). Earlier post.) kWh and FSN 0.1, respectively.

Gasoline 304

Gasoline Engine Fuel Wisconsin 304

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

An unmodified Volkswagen Golf 5 FSI was operated successfully on HE15 (15% hydrous ethanol blended with gasoline), meeting European exhaust emission standards in testing conducted by the Netherlands research organization TNO Automotive and by SGS Drive Technology Center of Austria.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317