Climate, Oil, Ozone and Water

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

The climate change benefit is estimated for 2050 and human health and crop benefits are for 2030 and beyond. Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Global benefits from full implementation of the identified measures in 2030 compared to the reference scenario.

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

PSI team develops web tool for consumers to compare environmental impact of passenger cars in detail

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2020

The system will graph lifecycle impact for a range of specified powertrains, for a large number of impact categories: Climate change [kg CO 2 -eq.]. Depletion of fossil energy resources [kg oil-eq.]. Depletion of fresh water reserves [m 3 ]. Deterioration of the ozone layer [kg CFC-11-eq.].

Mariner

Mariner Climate Change DC Cars

Test of Planet-Cooling Scheme Could Start in 2022

Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Even less is understood about the potential risks to people and the environment—could the particles deplete the ozone layer, for example, or significantly alter the weather? Research takes a long time.

Ozone

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2019

Transportation sector emission sources include combustion of fuels utilized in-state that are used by on-road and off-road vehicles, aviation, rail, and water-borne vehicles, as well as a few other smaller sources. It does not include emissions from petroleum refineries and oil production. Source: ARB. MMTCO 2 e (6%) from 2013 to 2017.

2017

2017 2016 Transportation Emissions

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. For gasoline, the study reflects the US context in which crude oil is to a large extent imported and refined domestically.

Gasoline

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota

Critical review finds actual measurement data on segments of natural gas lifecycle sparse or lacking

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

National and state regulators primarily use generic emission inventories to assess the climate, air quality, and health impacts of natural gas systems. Air emissions from the natural gas life cycle include greenhouse gases, ozone precursors (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides), air toxics, and particulates.

Gas

Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil

UC Davis Begins $2.8M Studies on Impacts of Escaped Nitrogen

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2009

But excess nitrogen is emitted from soils, seeps into groundwater and runs off into surface waters. Farm machines burning oil, gasoline and diesel release nitrogen to the air. Wastes from cattle, chickens and other livestock include nitrogen. Tom Tomich.

Davis

Davis Escape Ozone California

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The oil price shocks of the 1970s led the Brazilian government to address the strain high prices were placing on its fragile economy. Brazil, the largest and most populous country in South America, was importing 80% of its oil and 40% of its foreign exchange was used to pay for that imported oil.

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

UNEP Report Calls for More Sophisticated Approach to Developing Biofuels; Limitations of Current LCA Studies

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. There is an obvious link between environmental impacts estimated by life-cycle impact assessments and water quality problems described at the regional scale. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”.

Ozone

Ozone Water Emissions Oil

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

That study provided estimates of vessel traffic (numbers of vessels and transits) based on modeling of current vessel activity patterns, growth potential, and vessel projection scenarios, including diversion from other routes, and oil and gas development. The emissions report focuses on the low- and mid-range diversion scenarios—i.e.,

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Mariner Fuel

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Life cycle inventories have typically been presented at global, national, or regional levels—sufficient for understanding global processes such as climate change and fossil fuel depletion, but insufficient for the analysis of local processes such as air pollution, according to the researchers. the contiguous US).

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

Aviation climate change impacts pathway. An an example, they point out that an SPK fuel option with zero life cycle GHG emissions would offer a 100% reduction in GHG emissions but only a 48% reduction in actual climate impact using a 100-year time window and the nominal climate modeling assumptions in the paper.

MIT

MIT Climate Emissions Ozone

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Damages are expressed in cents per VMT (2007 USD). Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge. The report estimates dollar values for several major components of these costs.

2005

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal

EV Driven

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

PSI team develops web tool for consumers to compare environmental impact of passenger cars in detail

Test of Planet-Cooling Scheme Could Start in 2022

California 2017 GHG inventory shows 1.2% total drop from 2016; transportation sector emissions up 1%

Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Critical review finds actual measurement data on segments of natural gas lifecycle sparse or lacking

UC Davis Begins $2.8M Studies on Impacts of Escaped Nitrogen

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

UNEP Report Calls for More Sophisticated Approach to Developing Biofuels; Limitations of Current LCA Studies

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

MIT study finds including non-CO2 emissions from synthetic aviation fuel in lifecycle analysis of climate impact can lead to decrease in relative environmental merit; need for a holistic analysis framework

National Academies Report Examines Hidden Cost of Energy Production and Use in US; Estimates $120B in 2005

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