2016 Comparison Exhaust Standards 
Green Car Congress
APRIL 18, 2016
A new study by a team from the University of Edinburgh and independent engineering company INNAS BV has found that, when factoring in the additional weight and non-exhaust PM factors, total PM 10 emissions from electric vehicles (EVs) are equal to those of modern internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). —Timmers and Achten (2016).
Green Car Congress
MAY 24, 2017
Empa researchers Norbert Heeb and Maria Munoz discovered large quantities of benzo(a)pyrene (red bar)—a combustion product responsible for cutting short the lives of cigarette smokers—in the exhaust gas emitted by GDI engines. The other vehicles were all built between 2010 (VW Golf, Euro 4) and 2016 (Citroën C4, Euro 6b).
Green Car Congress
DECEMBER 15, 2015
Beginning in Q2 2016, and in addition to the official fuel consumption and CO 2 information, Opel will start publishing fuel consumption numbers recorded under the WLTP cycle, starting with the new Astra. This new test cycle will be important to maintain standardized, reproducible and comparable results. Source: AVL. Click to enlarge.
Green Car Congress
NOVEMBER 19, 2018
What initially motivated the Berlin Fire Department’s concluded tendering procedure were the growing demands with regard to environmental protection and the complex exhaust systems of conventional chassis, which are having an increasingly negative effect on the design and operation of firefighting vehicles.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 9, 2019
To reduce the variability in fuel use and exhaust emission rates related to variations in engine oil, engine oil was changed for each vehicle prior to the measurement using the first fuel. The modes were then weighted according to real-world standard driving cycles. Four real-world cycles were repeated for each vehicle with each fuel.
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 21, 2016
Using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) attached to vehicle exhausts, the researchers collaborated with Emissions Analytics to measure the amount of NO x produced by the 39 Euro 6 diesel cars. Comparison of urban and motorway trip average NO x emissions (note: y axis varies). times the COPERT model estimate, rising to 2.8
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 5, 2016
The process involves introduction of a low reactivity fuel into the cylinder to create a well-mixed charge of low reactivity fuel, air and recirculated exhaust gases. The researchers suggested that further design optimization might enable the use of a standard diesel fuel instead of n-heptane. At 1200 rpm, IMEP of 2.0 versus 25.2%
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