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NO 2 is just one component of air pollution, which is made up of many pollutants (including particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide), which are known to have numerous adverse effects on health. The researchers estimate that most children lived in areas below the current WHO guideline of 21 parts per billion for annual average NO 2.
The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. The proposal targets the production and use of HFCs, a group of “super” greenhouse gases. Source: IGSD.
Methane, the key constituent of natural gas, is a potent GHG with a global warming potential more than 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. EPA also is issuing draft Control Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) for reducing VOC emissions from existing equipment and processes in the oil and natural gas industry.
In this sense, the “business-as-usual” projections equal the “with measures” scenario called for under the UNFCCC Guidelines for Annex 1 Communications. If not aggressively phased out, HFCs could contribute up to one-third or more of total global warming. US Fifth Climate Action Report. Calls for rapid action on HFCs.
MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Annex VI defines two sets of emission and fuel quality requirements: global requirements; and. more stringent requirements applicable to ships in Emission Control Areas (ECA). Earlier post.).
New WHO has issued new Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQGs) that reduce levels of key air pollutants, some of which also contribute to climate change. Since WHO’s last 2005 global update, there has been a marked increase of evidence that shows how air pollution affects different aspects of health. Source: WHO.
Daily exposure to ground level ozone in cities worldwide is associated with an increased risk of death, according to the largest study of its kind, published in an open-access paper in The BMJ. Ground level ozone is a highly reactive gas commonly found in urban and suburban environments, formed when pollutants react in sunlight.
The World Health Organization now estimates that in 2012 around 7 million people died—one in eight (12.5%) of total global deaths—as a result of air pollution exposure. Estimates of people’s exposure to outdoor air pollution in different parts of the world were formulated through a new global data mapping.
In 2013, 87% of the world’s population lived in areas exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guideline of 10 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 Between 1990 and 2013, global population-weighted PM 2.5 Additionally, the study found that the population-weighted mean concentrations of ozone increased globally by 8.9%
The Health Effects Institute (HEI) has released the annual State of Global Air (SoGA) 2019 report and website. This year’s report includes the latest results on air pollution exposure and its health burden around the world based on the 2017 GBD (Global Burden of Disease) study. and tropospheric ozone. Ambient PM 2.5
million extra deaths globally rather than the previously estimated 4.5 They applied these to a new model of global exposure and death rates and to data from the WHO, which included information on population density, geographical locations, ages, risk factors for several diseases and causes of death. Credit: European Heart Journal.
Seven billion people, more than 95% of the world’s population, lived in areas exceeding the WHO Guideline for healthy air in 2016, according to a new global study. concentrations to the WHO Air Quality Guideline. State of Global Air 2018. Population-weighted seasonal average ozone concentrations in 2016.
Policies to enhance performance of biofuel production comprise: guidelines for sustainable biofuel production and tools to monitor their implementation; and product-oriented certification of biofuels. Global area for coarse grains has decreased 8% since 1980, while world grain ethanol production has increased dramatically.
In the context of the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study ( earlier post ), researchers from Canada, the United States, China and India quantified air pollution levels and attributable health impacts for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013. More than half of deaths occur in two of the world’s fastest growing economies, China and India.
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