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A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of Earth’s protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in the stratosphere. The same ozone-loss processes occur each winter in the Arctic.
Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. —NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, lead author of the paper.
and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). suggesting long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , as well as ozone above the current US EPA standards, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Exposures to concentrations of PM 2.5 g/m 3 in PM 2.5
These connections arise because in many cases the agents of concern are the same, and in many cases the sources of the agents are the same or intimately connected.For example, surface ozone is both an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.
Furthermore, myclimate accounts for other warming effects of aircraft emissions (through changes in the ozone layer, initiation of contrails, formation of cirrus clouds, etc.) A documentation for the myclimate calculator includes other aspects of the method used.).
EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson has reinstated the role of a key policy document created by agency scientists (the Staff Paper) that contains staff analyses of options for the administrator to consider when setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect human health and the environment. The new NAAQS review process.
ACES is a multi-party five year initiative to test the emissions and health effects of new technology diesel engines to document the improvements that have been made and to ensure that there are no unintended emissions from this new technology.
Findings from a recent EPA study titled “Assessment of the Impacts of Global Change on Regional US Air Quality: A Synthesis of Climate Change Impacts on Ground-Level Ozone,” for example, suggest that climate change may lead to higher concentrations of ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant.
Since the effort began in 1992, various USC researchers have documented how air pollution contributes to school absences, asthma, bronchitis and lost-lung function. They did not see the same increases associated with other air pollutants, such as ozone or nitrogen dioxide.
Acidification of sea water (“ocean acidification”) as a result of carbon dioxide absorption has also been documented in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas. This year, new sections were added, including, greenhouse gases, ozone and ultraviolet radiation, ocean acidification, Arctic Ocean primary productivity, and lake ice.
Key developments documented since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report include: Earth Systems. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent.
microns or less (PM 2.5 ); and NO x emissions that lead to ozone and secondary PM. The truck and bus commercial pilot projects funded under the new solicitation will support the Sustainable Freight document vision to overcome the technical and economic challenges with zero-emission technology advancement.
The submission of the document, also called the US Climate Action Report 2010, is a requirement under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. In this sense, the “business-as-usual” projections equal the “with measures” scenario called for under the UNFCCC Guidelines for Annex 1 Communications.
CRC E-87) A study by Orbital in Australia has documented the issue of accelerated catalyst aging with intermediate ethanol blends. A-67 (Estimating Ozone from Fuel Reformulation) and A-73 (Emissions Modeling and Air Quality Modeling) are the two CRC programs that will address this subject. Catalyst durability and degradation.
However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. Geoengineering the climate: Science, governance and uncertainty (RS Policy document 10/09, September 2009). The cost was assessed as likely to be relatively low and the timescale of action short.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will reconsider the 2008 primary and secondary ozone standards. In 2008, EPA established a new primary 8-hour standard for ozone of 0.075 parts per million (ppm), and a new secondary standard set at a form and level identical to the new primary standard. ppm standard, due to rounding.
The largest systematic study ever conducted of human volunteers exposed to ozone air pollution has found no evidence of effects on the heart in its healthy, older participants, but did find effects on the volunteers’ ability to breathe, even at low ambient levels. Possible pathways by which ozone may cause adverse health effects.
Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming.
These environmental impacts are not fully documented, according to Tom Tomich, director of the Agricultural Sustainability Institute at UC Davis. With this new funding, we can start to fill in those blanks, and improve management of nitrogen, carbon and water to help move agriculture toward sustainability in significant ways.
Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. However, to achieve the needed transportation GHG reductions and the corresponding 2032 ozone standards, the market uptake of advanced technologies will need to be accelerated.
Although the impact of carbon emissions on the climate is well documented, combustion engines also produce other harmful pollutants, such as particulate matter and the precursors to ground-level ozone.
They documented a decrease of 30% in 2018 compared to 2005, equivalent to about 30,000 avoided early deaths, or people who did not die early as a result of pollution. a, Source–receptor matrix showing total early deaths per year for 48 × 48 states (right), and its breakdown into PM 2.5 - and ozone-attributable impacts (left).
Results from CHIE studies are used to inform the periodic review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for common pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter (PM), and advise other policy decisions. For example, some of the current consent documents used by EPA are limited by their use of complicated and technical language.
California agency leaders released the Draft California Sustainable Freight Action Plan , an ambitious document that lays a foundation for modernizing California’s multi-billion dollar freight transportation system.
Meanwhile, environmentalists were voicing concern—about how noisy such aircraft are taking off, about the possibility that their high-altitude emissions would erode the ozone layer, and about how disruptive the sonic booms would be. The last of these issues was perhaps the most vexing, prompting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The Group documents the results of its efforts in the form of Environmental Commendations that consider the entire lifecycle of a vehicle from material production through to recycling. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. Click to enlarge. acidification potential.
A scholarly literature has documented this process in fields as diverse as engineering, risk reduction, management, and urban studies. One example where this strategy has been successfully employed is the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. Such a plan can disarm opposition before it arises.
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