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A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of Earth’s protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in the stratosphere. The same ozone-loss processes occur each winter in the Arctic.
Emissions of one of the chemicals most responsible for the Antarctic ozone hole are on the rise, despite an international treaty that required an end to its production in 2010, a new study by researchers at NOAA and their colleagues shows. —NOAA scientist Stephen Montzka, lead author of the paper.
and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). suggesting long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , as well as ozone above the current US EPA standards, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Exposures to concentrations of PM 2.5 g/m 3 in PM 2.5
Furthermore, myclimate accounts for other warming effects of aircraft emissions (through changes in the ozone layer, initiation of contrails, formation of cirrus clouds, etc.) A documentation for the myclimate calculator includes other aspects of the method used.).
An international team of scientists who monitor the rapid changes in the Earth’s northern polar region say that the Arctic is entering a new state, one with warmer air and water temperatures, less summer sea ice and snow cover, and a changed ocean chemistry.
There are two public hearings scheduled for this proposed finding: 18 May at the EPA Potomac Yard Conference Center, Arlington, VA; and 21 May at the Bell Harbor International Conference Center in Seattle, WA. Climate change has the potential to produce increases in ground-level ozone in many regions, according to the report.
Key developments documented since the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report include: Earth Systems. The hole in the ozone layer has had a cooling effect on Antarctica, and is partly responsible for masking expected warming on the continent.
Some automakers have done internal testing and have found sensitivity to intermediate ethanol blend levels for non-FFV vehicles. CRC E-87) A study by Orbital in Australia has documented the issue of accelerated catalyst aging with intermediate ethanol blends. Base engine durability (CRC CM-136-09). Catalyst durability and degradation.
However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. This should actively contribute to the international program and be closely linked to climate research programs. Geoengineering the climate: Science, governance and uncertainty (RS Policy document 10/09, September 2009).
A study by an international team of researchers, led by Drew Shindell of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, has identified 14 measures targeting methane and black carbon (BC) emissions that could reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C Source: Shindell et al. Click to enlarge. —Shindell et al.
California agency leaders released the Draft California Sustainable Freight Action Plan , an ambitious document that lays a foundation for modernizing California’s multi-billion dollar freight transportation system. Improve freight system efficiency 25% by 2030.
government established a Supersonic Transport Advisory Committee, which began discussions with international partners about building a supersonic airliner. The 1964 Oklahoma City tests involved more than 1,000 flights, which sparked more than 15,000 complaints, as documented in a 1971 report prepared by the National Bureau of Standards.
A scholarly literature has documented this process in fields as diverse as engineering, risk reduction, management, and urban studies. One example where this strategy has been successfully employed is the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. Such a plan can disarm opposition before it arises.
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