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Understanding the variability of GHG life cycle studies of oil sands production

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Full-fuel-cycle GHG emissions estimates for reformulated gasoline pathways by LCA study. Nominal value of 70 g CO 2 /MJ for combustion emissions is applied evenly across all studies. He found that the variation in oil sands GHG estimates is due to a variety of causes. Credit: ACS, Brandt 2012. Click to enlarge.

Oil-Sands 225
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Argonne study finds shale gas GHG lifecycle emissions 6% lower than natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline and 33% lower than coal; upstream methane leakage a key contributor

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Life-cycle GHG emissions per MJ of fuel produced and combusted for both 100-year and 20-year time horizons. Gasoline section shows results for fuel derived from both conventional oil and oil sands. Expansion bars show the components of fuel production. Credit: ACS, Burnham et al. Click to enlarge.

Gas 284
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New petroleum refining lifecycle model finds the variability in GHG emissions from refining different crudes as significant as magnitude expected in upstream operations

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Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. Given the magnitude of upstream emissions from the sector, they said, their findings have implications for both policy and mitigation of GHG emissions.

Oil-Sands 236
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Researchers describe the “where” and “when” of life cycle emissions from gasoline and ethanol in the US

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Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.

Gasoline 236
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ExxonMobil Outlook: 35% growth in energy demand by 2040; hybrids to account for ~50% of new vehicle sales

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Energy-related CO 2 emissions. Market forces and emerging public policies will continue to have an impact on energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. The growth reflects an expected 90% increase in electricity use, led by developing countries where 1.3 billion people are currently without access to electricity.

Oil-Sands 309
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ExxonMobil: global GDP up ~140% by 2040, but energy demand ~35% due to efficiency; LDV energy demand to rise only slightly despite doubling parc

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The outlook shows a shift toward lower-carbon fuels in the coming decades that, in combination with efficiency gains, will lead to a gradual decline in energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Across OECD nations, the Outlook assumes the implied cost of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will reach about $80 per tonne in 2040.

Energy 252
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HEI report identifies potential health consequences from new vehicle fuels and technologies; recommended actions

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The large number of new vehicle fuels and technologies being developed to meet market and legislative pressure for improved efficiency and reduced emissions offer major opportunities for progress, according to a new report published by the Special Committee on Emerging Technologies (SCET) of the Health Effects Institute ( HEI ). Source: HEI.

Fuel 170