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Among the many climate-related vulnerabilities that can impact its mission, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cites a likely increase in tropospheric ozone pollution as potentially making it more difficult to attain National Ambient Air Quality Standards ( NAAQS ) in many areas with existing ozone problems.
Furthermore, myclimate accounts for other warming effects of aircraft emissions (through changes in the ozone layer, initiation of contrails, formation of cirrus clouds, etc.) A documentation for the myclimate calculator includes other aspects of the method used.). The above data are for flying economy class.
These connections arise because in many cases the agents of concern are the same, and in many cases the sources of the agents are the same or intimately connected.For example, surface ozone is both an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.
EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson has reinstated the role of a key policy document created by agency scientists (the Staff Paper) that contains staff analyses of options for the administrator to consider when setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect human health and the environment. The new NAAQS review process.
Reports like this one help us to prepare for increasing demands on Arctic resources so that better decisions can be made about how to manage and protect these more valuable and increasingly available resources. —Monica Medina, NOAA principal deputy under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere.
Up to $23,658,000 is available for this project from FY 2014-15 funds. Up to an additional $60,000,000 may be available for projects under this solicitation from future funds appropriated by the California legislature on or before 30 June 2016. microns or less (PM 2.5 ); and NO x emissions that lead to ozone and secondary PM.
However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. Further research and development of geoengineering options should be undertaken to investigate whether low risk methods can be made available if it becomes necessary to reduce the rate of warming this century.
Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming.
Many of the strategies employed to reduce GHG emissions will also work to meet the national ambient air quality standard for ozone in 2032. Recommendations are based on technologies currently available or expected in the near term, and on planning and investment steps that can be taken now.
Although the impact of carbon emissions on the climate is well documented, combustion engines also produce other harmful pollutants, such as particulate matter and the precursors to ground-level ozone.
California agency leaders released the Draft California Sustainable Freight Action Plan , an ambitious document that lays a foundation for modernizing California’s multi-billion dollar freight transportation system. The Draft Action Plan is available now for stakeholder and public feedback through 6 July 2016.
The delta between the carbon storage that would have been available under the business-as-usual plan and the TCF plan is the “additional” carbon storage provided by the project. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally is the management plan for the forest—i.e., hack and squirt).
A scholarly literature has documented this process in fields as diverse as engineering, risk reduction, management, and urban studies. One example where this strategy has been successfully employed is the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer.
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