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Roadmap shows how to improve lignocellulosic biofuel biorefining with high-value products from isolated lignin

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A new review article in the journal Science highlights emerging opportunities to increase the transformation of lignin to value-added products—i.e., lignin valorization. Conventionally, most large-scale industrial processes that use plant polysaccharides burn lignin to generate the power needed to transform biomass. Ragauskas, et al.,

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Oversold Lithium could be about to rally

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Last year’s 12 percent slide by the Bloomberg Commodity Index —spurred by 20 percent-plus declines by industrial bellwethers like West Texas Intermediate crude, steel and platinum—came in the wake of two years of modest gains. Link to article: [link].

2018 278
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GWU team demonstrates one-pot process for optimized synthesis of controlled CNTs from CO2; coupling cement and C2CNT

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This research article focuses on a highly favored route to the synthesis of controlled nanostructures at high rate, high yield, and low cost by molten carbonate electrolysis. The addition of Zn, such as occurs in a coating on galvanized steel, further lowers the activation energy for CNT formation. Licht et al. Click to enlarge.

CO2 150
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New metal-free ORR catalyst outperforms platinum in fuel cell

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Researchers from South Korea, Case Western Reserve University and University of North Texas have synthesized new inexpensive and easily produced metal-free catalysts—edge-selectively halogenated graphene nanoplatelets (XGnPs)—that can perform better than platinum in oxygen-reduction reactions. —Jong-Beom Baek.

Fuel 247
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Mattershift scales up CNT membranes; potential for zero-carbon fuels for less than fossil

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For 20 years, researchers have shown that CNT membranes offer tremendous promise for a wide variety of uses including the low-cost production of ethanol fuel, precision drug delivery, low-energy desalination of seawater, purification of pharmaceutical compounds, and high-performance catalysis for the production of fuels.

Carbon 199
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How the Graphical User Interface Was Invented

Cars That Think

This article was first published as “Of Mice and menus: designing the user-friendly interface.” In 1984, the low-cost Macintosh from Apple Computer Inc., But it was simple to interface with the computer: the processor just read frequent samples of the potentiometer positioning signals through analog-to-digital converters.

Design 143
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Designing the First Apple Macintosh: The Engineers’ Story

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make a low-cost “appliance”-type computer that would be as easy to use as a toaster. This article was first published as “Design case history: Apple’s Macintosh.” In 1979 the Macintosh personal computer existed only as the pet idea of Jef Raskin, a veteran of the Apple II team, who had proposed that Apple Computer Inc.

Design 116