Alternative Fuels Carbon Oil Oil-Sands 
Green Car Congress
JULY 10, 2015
A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. This is not the same as crude oil occurring naturally in shales, as in the Bakken.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 17, 2012
An analysis of the US refining sector, based on linear programming (LP) modeling, finds that refining plausibly high volumes of Canadian oil sands crudes in US refineries in 2025 would lead to a modest increase in refinery CO 2 emissions (ranging between 5.4% to 9.3%) from a 2010 baseline, depending upon the supply scenario.
Green Car Congress
JULY 2, 2013
In contrast to arguments that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity, a team from Stanford University and UC Santa Cruz has examined the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. 2010, to above 140 $/bbl in constant 2010 dollars).
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 26, 2011
Comparison of the percent differential for WTW (well-to-wheel) GHGs from gasoline produced from WCSB oil sands using different production processes relative to gasoline produced from reference crudes. The proposed Project is not likely to impact the amount of crude oil produced from the oil sands. Click to enlarge.
Green Car Congress
APRIL 11, 2011
volume and GHG-based fuel standards) to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from on-road transportation need to evolve towards energy-intensity-based fuel standards (e.g., MJ/km) and complementary regulation of fuel carbon intensity (e.g., Vehicle regulations (e.g., —Creutzig et al.
Green Car Congress
OCTOBER 25, 2009
The five different fuel groups were those derived: from conventional petroleum; from unconventional petroleum; synthetically from natural gas, coal, or combinations of coal and biomass via the FT process; renewable oils; and alcohols. Certain HRJ and FT fuels are able to reduce the GHG emissions from aviation. million bpd.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 3, 2010
The National Petrochemical & Refiners Association (NPRA) filed a legal challenge to California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) with the US District Court, Eastern District of California, Fresno Division. 1492, and the federal Renewable Fuels Standard. By regulating the fuel pathway of transportation fuels—i.e.,
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