article thumbnail

Toyota to pay $180M penalty for Clean Air Act reporting violations

Green Car Congress

Toyota Motor Sales USA and Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America for systematic, longstanding violations of Clean Air Act emission-related defect reporting requirements, which require manufacturers to report potential defects and recalls affecting vehicle components designed to control emissions.

Toyota 220
article thumbnail

EPA Grants California Vehicle GHG Regulations Waiver

Green Car Congress

In September 2004 the California Air Resources Board (ARB) passed regulations to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) from new passenger vehicles starting in 2009. EPA also found that the California program meets legal requirements regarding the protectiveness of public health and welfare as well as technological feasibility.

EPA 150
article thumbnail

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

The first such vehicles were introduced by Volkswagen in 2003, and by 2004, they accounted for more than 17% of the Brazilian auto market. Current Legal Requirement for Use of Anhydrous Ethanol in the United States. When the car is filled at the pump, an internal system analyses the mix of the two fuel types and adjusts accordingly.

article thumbnail

CalCars and PHEVs Frequently Asked Questions

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

Power and Associates 2004 report ]. And its easier to clean central power plants than millions of vehicles. At the moment, only 2004-2007 Priuses , and to a limited extent, the Ford Escape/Mercury Mariner Hybrids. Car and Driver s Patrick Bedard writes amusingly but tellingly about this issue.

PHEV 37
article thumbnail

Audi highlights its range of electrification efforts; Q7 diesel PHEV, A7 fuel cell PHEV, BEV, 48V and more; 750 Wh/l by 2025

Green Car Congress

The first technology demonstrator was the compact A2H2 in 2004, which was already equipped with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM). The actual bursting pressure is much higher still and far exceeds the legal requirements. Audi has been working on fuel cell concepts for more than ten years.

Audi 150
article thumbnail

Perspective: Why Carbon Emissions Should Not Have Been the Focus of the UN Climate Change Summit and Why the 15th Conference of the Parties Should Have Focused on Technology Transfer

Green Car Congress

However, climate economists predict that if investment in clean energy technology is dramatically increased, for every dollar spent, the world will avoid eleven dollars of climate damage. Other transaction costs include the search of partners, the drafting of contracts, legal assistance, etc. in benefits. Scenario No. Vonortas, N.