article thumbnail

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

Annual average concentrations of fine particulates from US sources of combustion emissions from (a) electric power generation; (b) industry; (c) commercial and residential sources; (d) road transportation; (e) marine transportation; (f) rail transportation; (g) sum of all combustion sources; (h) all sources. Source: MIT.

MIT 378
article thumbnail

Study finds large-scale ramp-up in biofuel crops could result in warming in some tropical regions, cooling in temperate and polar regions

Green Car Congress

Global land-use changes caused by a major ramp-up in biofuel crops—enough to meet about 10% of the world’s energy needs—could make some regions warmer, according to a new integrated modeling study by researchers from MIT and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole.

article thumbnail

Climate Change is NSF Engineering Alliance’s Top Research Priority

Cars That Think

During the virtual visioning event in December, experts explored solar and renewable energy, carbon sequestration, water management, and geoengineering. As agencies and research organizations enact legislation to reduce carbon emissions and bolster clean-energy technologies, engineering is poised to lead with research and development.”

article thumbnail

Study Finds Ozone, Nitrogen Change the Way Rising CO2 Affects Earths Water

Green Car Congress

Through a recent modeling experiment, a team of NASA-funded researchers have found that future concentrations of carbon dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere and of nitrogen in the soil are likely to have an important but overlooked effect on the cycling of water from sky to land to waterways. Credit: NASA. Click to enlarge. Cronin, J.

Ozone 186
article thumbnail

MIT researchers propose massive bloom of methanogenic microbes may have triggered end-Permian extinction

Green Car Congress

The end-Permian extinction is associated with a mysterious disruption to Earth’s carbon cycle. First, we show that geochemical signals indicate superexponential growth of the marine inorganic carbon reservoir, coincident with the extinction and consistent with the expansion of a new microbial metabolic pathway.

MIT 210
article thumbnail

Princeton team uses light to boost production of isobutanol 5x from engineered yeast; optogenetics

Green Car Congress

Instead, yeast make high volumes of ethanol and carbon dioxide. The researchers started by putting a modified gene from a marine bacterium that is controllable by blue light into yeast’s DNA. However, most attempts to create isobutanol biofuel have run into difficulties involving cost or scaling production to an industrial level.

Light 170
article thumbnail

DOE to award $35M to 24 projects to support early-stage, innovative technologies and solutions in advanced manufacturing

Green Car Congress

MOE promises large savings in energy and carbon dioxide emissions as compared to existing technologies for producing primary iron and steel. Colorado State University. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The initial application is to improve adhesive joint performance in lightweight vehicle construction. Temple University. 795,834.