Cars That Think

DECEMBER 19, 2021

Up there, 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth’s surface, ozone molecules absorb the sun’s ultraviolet light, protecting life far below. Eventually, they’ll add equipment to spray tiny aerosol particles of calcium carbonate, the compound found in limestone, blackboard chalk, and Tums antacids.

Ozone 115

Ozone Solar Climate Change Climate 115

Green Car Congress

MARCH 16, 2012

eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Error bar shows regional variations for E85. GW = global warming; Eut. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 357

Gasoline Water Emissions Minnesota 357

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. There is an obvious link between environmental impacts estimated by life-cycle impact assessments and water quality problems described at the regional scale. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

One opportunity to reduce the cost of biofuels is to reduce the cost of bioenergy feedstock, which constitutes a large portion of operating costs, and increase the conversion efficiency from biomass to fuels. Such land conversion may disrupt any future potential for storing carbon in biomass and soil. Barriers and opportunities.

Renewable 252

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Fuel 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

On the production side, options exist for improving technologies in terms of new feedstocks and conversion technologies as well as more efficient use of biomass. A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

The committee that wrote the report focused on monetizing the damage of major air pollutants—sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter—on human health, grain crops and timber yields, buildings, and recreation. miles per gallon will lower emissions and damages for every vehicle mile traveled.

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246