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Study associates long-term exposure to air pollution with increasing emphysema

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Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. The annual averages of ozone levels in study areas were between about 10 and 25 ppb.

Pollution 223
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IPCC: GHG emissions accelerating despite mitigation efforts; major institutional and technological change required to keep the heat down

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giga tonne carbon dioxide equivalent (GtCO 2 eq) (2.2%) per year from 2000 to 2010 compared to 0.4 GtCO 2 eq (1.3%) per year from 1970 to 2000. Total anthropogenic GHG emissions were the highest in human history from 2000 to 2010 and reached 49 (±4.5) term potential as electric buses, light duty and 2?wheel IPCC WG III.

Emissions 257
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GISS study finds applying stricter non-CO2 vehicle emission standards worldwide would yield climate benefits in addition to major health and agricultural benefits

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million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 Impacts of worldwide vehicle emissions in 2030 compared with 2000. While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely.

Climate 231
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Study Finds On-Road Transportation Sector the Greatest Net Contributor to Atmospheric Warming Now and in Mid-Term; Power Sector Takes the Lead by 2050

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Radiative forcing due to perpetual constant year 2000 emissions grouped by sector for 2020 (left) and 2100 (right) showing the contribution from each species. The team also considered how emissions from each part of the economy can impact clouds, which have an indirect effect on climate. From Unger et al., Click to enlarge.

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NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

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These two gases, as well as others, are part of a complicated cascade of chemical reactions that features competition with aerosols for highly reactive molecules that cleanse the air of pollutants. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

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EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

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Clean clouds and non-light-absorbing (transparent) particles scatter or reflect sunlight, reducing the amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the surface. Part of the absorbed energy is converted into infrared radiation that is emitted into the atmosphere and back into space. —Report to Congress on Black Carbon.

Congress 252
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ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

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Global trends in vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT) and early deaths from vehicle-related fine particle exposure (2000–2030). Next-generation standards would target new reductions in emissions of NO x and non-methane hydrocarbons (HC), which are precursors to ozone and secondary particulate matter. Chambliss et al. Click to enlarge.

Emissions 220