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Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

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The existing emissions trading system in Europe has not worked well, Paltsev says, partly because its price on carbon is quite low, and partly because it does not encompass enough different emissions-producing sectors of the economy. —Sergey Paltsev.

Standards 218
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IEA technology and policy reports outline paths to halving fuel used for combustion-engined road transport in less than 40 years

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IEA fuel economy readiness index status, 2010. New propulsion systems requiring new fuels, such as plug-in electric vehicle systems and fuel cell systems, are beyond the scope of this technology roadmap and are treated in separate roadmaps. Average fuel economy and new vehicles registrations, 2005 and 2008.

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CEPS task force report identifies tightening emissions standards as key policy to hit EU 60% reduction in transport GHG; full life-cycle emissions optimal metric

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Such standards are effective in overcoming barriers to the introduction of more efficient vehicles and fuels, while creating regulatory certainty for product developers and manufacturers. This should include carbon and energy taxing, for example, as proposed in the amendment of the Energy Tax Directive. June 2013).

Emissions 210
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MIT Energy Initiative report on transforming the US transportation system by 2050 to address climate challenges

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The report addresses topics related to the evolution of vehicle technology and its deployment, the development of alternative fuels and energy sources, the impacts of driver behavior, and the implications of all of these factors on future GHG emissions in the United States, Europe, China, and Japan.

MIT 150