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Study finds CO2 emissions trading more effective path to automotive CO2 reduction in Europe than tailpipe standards

Green Car Congress

The model also includes representation of fleet turnover, and opportunities for fuel use and emissions abatement, including representation of electric vehicles. Emissions trading or a carbon tax is going to achieve their emissions goals at the lowest possible cost to society. —Sergey Paltsev.

Standards 218
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IEA technology and policy reports outline paths to halving fuel used for combustion-engined road transport in less than 40 years

Green Car Congress

IEA fuel economy readiness index status, 2010. New propulsion systems requiring new fuels, such as plug-in electric vehicle systems and fuel cell systems, are beyond the scope of this technology roadmap and are treated in separate roadmaps. Average fuel economy and new vehicles registrations, 2005 and 2008.

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CEPS task force report identifies tightening emissions standards as key policy to hit EU 60% reduction in transport GHG; full life-cycle emissions optimal metric

Green Car Congress

This should result in a fleet of vehicles with a much better energy efficiency using different low- carbon fuels for different applications, whatever the most cost-effective combination is. Climate Change Emissions Europe Lifecycle analysis Policy' The report identified five main technology paths towards low-carbon transport.

Emissions 210
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MIT Energy Initiative report on transforming the US transportation system by 2050 to address climate challenges

Green Car Congress

Achieving our overall goal—reducing fleet fuel and energy consumption and GHGs by three-quarters or more—will be extremely challenging. In the United States, LDVs alone currently account for 43% of petroleum demand and 23% of GHG emissions, when fuel production is considered. —John Heywood.

MIT 150