Economy Exhaust Light Ozone 
Green Car Congress
JULY 18, 2022
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). California currently limits the ethanol content of gasoline to 10 percent. The study used two fuels—an E10 and E15.
Green Car Congress
JANUARY 28, 2014
Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. All totaled, engine heat accounts for 26% of the fuel consumed, and exhaust heat accounts for another 24%.
Green Car Congress
FEBRUARY 5, 2020
NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 A wide variety of technology options can be deployed on heavy-duty engines and vehicles to reduce engine-out NO x while improving fuel economy to reduce the total cost of ownership of trucks. —MECA Executive Director, Rasto Brezny.
Green Car Congress
SEPTEMBER 14, 2015
In terms of fuel economy, the truck achieved 10.7 A second truck has doubled fuel economy from a 2009 baseline of 6.1 California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. gallons/1,000 ton-miles. gallons/1,000 ton-miles.
Green Car Congress
MAY 12, 2017
Gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines have higher fuel economy compared to the more widely used port fuel injection (PFI) engines. In this study, we present a comprehensive database of emissions from a fleet of GDI- and PFI-equipped light-duty gasoline vehicles tested on a chassis dynamometer over the cold-start unified cycle (UC).
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