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Industry study finds lead-acid to remain most wide-spread automotive energy storage for foreseeable future; new chemistries continue to grow

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In order to optimise fuel efficiency improvements in each vehicle type, automobile manufacturers need the flexibility to choose the most appropriate batteries from a technical and economic perspective. In full-hybrid vehicles, the stored energy is also used for a certain range of electric driving. Click to enlarge.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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To be successful, systems will need to evolve—in some cases, considerably—to compete financially with the cost of natural gas production. electricity) to hybrid and electrical vehicles, although the cost of implementing EES is of great concern. Among the most important factors are capital cost and life-cycle cost.

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