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Industry study finds lead-acid to remain most wide-spread automotive energy storage for foreseeable future; new chemistries continue to grow

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In order to optimise fuel efficiency improvements in each vehicle type, automobile manufacturers need the flexibility to choose the most appropriate batteries from a technical and economic perspective. In full-hybrid vehicles, the stored energy is also used for a certain range of electric driving. Resources.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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This type of application requires high round-trip energy efficiency and a long deep-cycle life, along with low operation and maintenance costs. Among the most important factors are capital cost and life-cycle cost. 15 years) and a long cycle life (e.g., Reliability, durability, and safety. Credit: ACS, Yang et al.

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