Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2015

When a vehicle is tested for emissions and fuel economy on a chassis dynamometer, the load from aerodynamic drag, friction, and tire losses associated with road operation must be simulated. First, actual on-road operation must be characterized, which is referred to as the road-load force specification.

EPA 150

EPA Emissions Fuel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2009

However, current normalization practices risk masking impacts that may be significant within the context of the decision, albeit small relative to the reference data (e.g., total US emissions). Additionally, uncertainty associated with quantification of weights is generally very high. Central weights box and whisker plots.

Transportation 150

Transportation Fuel 2009 Gas-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2014

gal (of finished gasoline) higher if ethanol was blended in combinations of E10 and E85 rather than in national E20 or E30, respectively, using the reference-case octane rating. E85’s octane rating is higher than that required by applicable fuel specifications. The team also found that average US refining costs would be about 1.6¢/gal

Engine 275

Engine Gasoline Fuel Standards 275