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Benchmark: Indonesia could become major cobalt producer; forecasts 30x boost

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These fines are mixed with water to create a slurry which is then preheated. HPAL has been used since 1961 when it was first put into commercial production at Moa Bay, Cuba. Although there was scepticism over these projects initially, financing from China has helped them be a success, Benchmark says.

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Perspective: Why Carbon Emissions Should Not Have Been the Focus of the UN Climate Change Summit and Why the 15th Conference of the Parties Should Have Focused on Technology Transfer

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US intelligence and defense agencies say such environmental changes can lead to energy insecurity, water and food shortages, and social instability. But starting to raise immediate finance is more important than determining its exact future size. That could mean more military involvement and massive disaster relief.