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Benchmark: Indonesia could become major cobalt producer; forecasts 30x boost

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These fines are mixed with water to create a slurry which is then preheated. Although HPAL is able to leach nickel and cobalt quickly from laterite ores, it is challenged by corrosion and erosion and energy requirements, as well as operational and maintenance issues. This hot slurry is pumped into an autoclave where the acid is added.

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Perspective: Why Carbon Emissions Should Not Have Been the Focus of the UN Climate Change Summit and Why the 15th Conference of the Parties Should Have Focused on Technology Transfer

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US intelligence and defense agencies say such environmental changes can lead to energy insecurity, water and food shortages, and social instability. Based on calculations by the International Energy Agency (IEA), 75% of the growth in the world’s energy demand from 2005 to 2030 will come from developing countries.