Remove Cost Of Remove Lead Acid Remove Sodium Remove Wind
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Stanford study quantifies energetic costs of grid-scale energy storage over time; current batteries the worst performers; the need to improve cycle life by 3-10x

Green Car Congress

Benson from Stanford University and Stanford’s Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) has quantified the energetic costs of 7 different grid-scale energy storage technologies over time. The data revealed that all five battery technologies have high embodied-energy costs compared with pumped hydroelectric storage. Click to enlarge.

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Energy storage: the key to a decarbonised future

Setec Powerr

We are transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, and the use of energy storage is becoming more widespread. The best known and in widespread use in portable electronic devices and vehicles are lithium-ion and lead acid. So what exactly is energy storage?

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Sodium-beta alumina membrane battery. —Yang et al.

Li-ion 231
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Electric Car Manufacturers Inspire New Paradigms -- Seeking Alpha

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

The electric car features three different battery options, two different Lithium-based (LI) systems – A123Systems and Enerdel as well as a Sodium-Nickel battery Zebra (Mes-Dea). Today we could be using lead-acid EVs, lead-carbon-acid EVs, or nickel metal hydride or lithium-ion hybrids.