Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Use of Hydrous Ethanol in Brazil. Brazil, the largest and most populous country in South America, was importing 80% of its oil and 40% of its foreign exchange was used to pay for that imported oil. In 1975, General Ernesto Geisel, then-president of Brazil, ordered the country’s gasoline supply mixed with 10% ethanol.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. As currently practiced in a country such as Brazil, it can lead to emissions reductions of between 70% and well over 100% when substituted for gasoline. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

On the production side, options exist for improving technologies in terms of new feedstocks and conversion technologies as well as more efficient use of biomass. A few studies also include other relevant impact indicators as acidification potential, eutrophication potential, ozone depletion potential and various toxicity potentials.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150