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Study quantifies impact of fuel composition on PM emissions from gasoline direct injection engines

Green Car Congress

The GDI tailpipe particulates consist mainly of EC (elemental carbon), OM (organic matter) and small amounts of inorganic ions. 2014) “Novel Characterization of GDI Engine Exhaust for Gasoline and Mid-Level Gasoline-Alcohol Blends,” SAE Int. The mass percentage of EC in the total tailpipe PM increased as load increased.

Gasoline 150
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GM and U Mich receive patent on plug-in series hybrid/extended range electric vehicle powertrain using multiple free piston linear alternator engines

Green Car Congress

The powertrain system—the patent application for which was filed in 2009—includes an electrical energy storage system—such as a Li-ion battery pack—and an electric traction motor. Fuels can include gasoline blends, and alcohol blended hydrocarbon fuel grades.