Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Quantifies non-natural increase of greenhouse effect gas concentration (CO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 , refrigerants.) Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent). Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? Li-ion system production in the LCA.

Li-ion 364

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2013

Computer model of Cu-SSZ-13 shows nitric oxide (ball-and-stick) interacting with a positively charged copper ion (copper ball) at an unexpected angle (red dotted lines). Zeolites are crystalline alumino-silicate minerals that can accommodate metal ions—metal atoms with a slight charge—for catalytic applications.

Li-ion 225

Li-ion Diesel 2013 Water 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

Generic process flow diagram for lithium-ion batteries for vehicles (color coded to present LCI data sources). It assessed three currently manufactured Li-ion battery technologies for EVs and two for a PHEV with a 40-mile all-electric range: lithium-manganese oxide (LiMnO 2 ); lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (LiNi 0.4

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery 210