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JRC study finds 8 metals for low-carbon energy technologies at risk of shortages; EVs, wind and solar, and lighting the applications of most concern

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The study builds on a 2011 effort which looked into the six key applications of the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan: wind, solar, nuclear fission, bioenergy, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the electricity grid. 2013) Critical Metals in the Path towards the Decarbonisation of the EU Energy Sector.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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Classification of potential electrical storage for stationary applications. To smooth out the intermittency of renewable energy production, low-cost electrical energy storage (EES) will become necessary. The most commonly used systems today work by converting electricity to kinetic (e.g.,

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